General :: Swap Fails On Boot Up?
Sep 10, 2010
Maybe what I am trying to do doesn't work but let me explain. I have two identical drives on my PC.
/dev/sda = 1 TB
/dev/sdb = 1 TB
I wanted to mirror the drives so I created two separate partitions on each drive:
sda1 = 1024 MB (Swap)
sda2 = 999 GB (Software RAID)
sdb1 = 1024 (Swap)
sdb2 = 999 GB (Software RAID)
I then only created /dev/md0 which consist of /dev/sda2 & /dev/sdb2 in RAID 1 mirror.
When I boot the system, I show that Swap fails during boot in bright 'red' letters. I don't know if it failed activating both or just any swap partitions in general. When I look at 'df -h' while my system is booted, I show:
Code:
[root@buster ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 10M 168K 9.9M 2% /dev
/dev/md0 997G 847M 992G 1% /
shm 997M 0 997M 0% /dev/shm
Does this mean that only 1 swap partition activated successfully and the 2nd one failed? Should I mirror the two swap partitions into /dev/md1?
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Aug 15, 2010
all when installing my linux i dind't create a swap partition.now i'd like to use one.so i've create a swap partition.So how to mount it and let the system use it.
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Dec 8, 2009
We're load testing some of our larger servers (16GB+ RAM), and when memory starts to run low they are kicking off the oomkiller instead of swapping. I've checked swapon -s (which says we're using 0 bytes out of 16GB of swap), I've checked swappiness (60), I've tried upping the swap to 32GB, all to no avail. If we pull some RAM, and configure the box with 8GB of physical ram and 16 (or more) GB of swap, sure enough it dips into it and is more stable than a 16GB box with 16 or 32GB of swap.
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Feb 28, 2011
I have a RHEL4 system with 2 250GB physical volumes. There is a boot partition that is outside LVM and 2 logical volumes (swap and root) within a single volume group. This volume group bridges the 2 physical volumes.
I would like to clone this system onto a single 1 TB physical volume that will replace the 2x250GB currently in use.
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Oct 16, 2009
I'll start by explaining what my system layout currently is. I have Fedora 11 X64 installed on my system, it is an HP Dv9380ca laptop. My system has 2 hdd /dev/sda /dev/sdb. During the setup i set my home directory to reside on /dev/sdb. After booting i realized that my root and swap partition are part of a volume group name vg_sharpfed and are set in fstab as:
/dev/mapper/vg_sharpyfed-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/mapper/vg_sharpyfed-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
Output of Fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1aecda8d
[code]....
My /dev/sda2 partitions is 100gigs and set as an LVM. Essentially what i am getting at is, if it's possible to temporarily copy / /boot and swap to my second partition, edit grub if needed and fstab to mount to the temp locations, format sda to ext4 create partitions for / /boot and swap partitions, then copy back the original directories edit required fstab to mount the original locations and no longer have them contained in a Logical volume.
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Feb 19, 2010
I know it's possible, but does anyone have a URL or tutorial on how to do this?
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May 8, 2011
I downloaded ubuntu 10.10 iso, made CD, installed as dual-boot with win Vista home premium and used it for a week to access the 'net and email. Yesterday, while deleting an email, the "d" key stuck down while I was issuing <CTRL>D and the cursor froze. I then rebooted by using the reset button and saw many lines of text including "kernel panic". so I reset and booted into 'repair boot'. Again, many lines of text which stop at the same place if I try this twice.
I assume I've fried my ubuntu install and would like to fix or re-install it. When I installed it, I let the [wubi?] installer make decisions except choice of drive because it picked the external, USB drive. It appears to've used about 80 G on internal drive D: I could boot from the distro CD and see if it will re-install but I'm concerned that I may not fix my problem or that it may mess up my windows installation.
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Mar 7, 2010
I'm running 9.10 off of a 4 GiB CF card. I keep running into space issues with updates, so I purchased an 8 GiB replacement card. I've cloned the 4 GiB card to a .IMG file using DD.I've then copied the 4 GiB image back to the 8 GiB card using the Ubuntu startup disk creator program. Once done, I'm able to properly boot off of the new 8 GiB clone.Unfortunately, the clone ends up with 3.67 GiB of unallocated space at the end *see attached). I tried deleting the "extended" partition that the swap is located at after booting from a Live CD and the system was unable to boot after this. I was thinking that I would delete the swap entirely and create a swap file after I merged the existing partitions, but I was unable to do this.
best way to do this (e.g. get one large 8 GiB partition with my old image on it)? I still have the original untouched 4 GiB card and also have an external CF drive if I need to redo the cloning. I've also used Clonezilla before, so perhaps there's a way to do this that allow me to grow the image as it's being cloned.
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Feb 18, 2011
I am inexperienced in using Linux, and just installed Ubuntu 10.10 on an external hard drive. I didn't want to mess around with re-partitioning my hard drive, which has Windows 7. I figured that I could just run Ubuntu from the external, and if it gave me any problems with Windows, which I unfortunately need for work, I could just unplug it and boot normally. However, GRUB appears to have installed some component to the local hard drive. Whenever I try to boot from the local hard drive, I get this error message:
"error: no such device: 8b84f351-7770-4908-b12f-0cbd31bc3662
grub rescue> "
Another thing is that in the boot menu, only the CD/DVD drive and local hard drive are options, it won't even register the external.
Any suggestions on what may have caused this error? I saw from other posts that GRUB doesn't like multi-drive systems. Also, would it be possible to delete GRUB from my system, then allowing Window's MBR to take over?
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Nov 8, 2010
I downloaded Ubuntu desktop 10.10 on to my Acer 5741 laptop (which I checked online for comptability), following the site's instructions to the letter. I used the USB installer to create a live USB which seemed to go fine. I then restarted as instructed and changed the USB to be selected to boot. However, from that point, the OS fails to load. I get several pages of code loading, then a screen with a logo at the bottom, then my screen just goes dark.
I've been using Windows 7 to download etc.
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Sep 19, 2010
I had a problem with the install of Ubuntu 10.04 and 10.04.1 on a Dell Precision T3500. I used the 32bit live CD. I let the installer create the file systems and use the whole disc. The disc is was created as shown below. After the install button was pressed, the root file system was created and then the swap. When the installer went to mount the swap it complained there was not enough memory and failed the installation. I installed Ubuntu by manually making the swap file system smaller using gparted and assigning the / and swap to the file systems created by gparted.
Disk /dev/sda: 250.0 GB, 250000000000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30394 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
[code]...
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Apr 19, 2011
I'm very new to Linux and recently setup a desktop PC with Puppy 5.2.5. only. I chose to have a permanent install on the hard drive and loaded additional PETS and utilities as I thought needed for my use. Last night after immediately booting up the PC I had a power cut lasting a few minutes. When power returned and I repowered the PC, I found during Puppy's boot sequence it reported an error and remained in what appeared to be a console mode - did not carry through and load my desktop. So I inserted the Puppy CD and booted from that but I'm afraid I'm not familiar enough with Linux to understand how I can get back my original desktop setup and run once again from my hard drive without having to go back to scratch.
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Sep 1, 2010
Debian testing: Kernel: Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64I can now only boot into safemode because I cannot get these 4 packages to upgrade:
udev
media-player-info
xserver-xorg-core
[code]....
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Sep 9, 2010
My swap is not mounted at boot. get it to mount again? I CAN make it mount after booting but I need to hibernate. I read that I have to edit /etc/fstab but I'm not quite sure as to what I have to do specifically.
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Nov 17, 2010
Does any one have any clue about booting linux live CD with no swap space enabled.
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Mar 20, 2011
Does one need to Check the Swap filesystem, from time to time
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Dec 7, 2010
Lucid on an Acer Travelmate800.Can anyone tell me why I have 0k for swap space? I allocated swap which I can see in my Disk Utility's 'volumes' display.
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Jul 15, 2010
For some time now - every time I reboot my computer the swap drive is not mounting. I have to manually mount (Swapon) it via GParted. Using the sudo mount -a does not seem to have an effect.can Anyone tell me what is going onhere is my fstab:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
[code]...
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Sep 24, 2010
I have two almost identical computers -- identical model & type designator; minor difference in hardware details. Both boxes have an installed and running Ubuntu -- one Lucid (v10.04 LTS) and one Jaunty (v9.04). Consider box-A with drive-A and box-B with drive-B. Q1: If I swap drive-A to box-B and drive-B to box-A, is system startup clever enough to work around any minor hardware differences?
I know! "It depends..."
One minor difference is the wifi card. Both are Intel -- one is the 3945 while the other is the 4965. Another difference is partition sizes and mount points. Another difference is RAM size -- 3GB vs. 4GB. Another difference is the specific brand and specs for DVD=RW. I could go on, but the differences seem minor if not trivial.
I have a reason for such a swap that makes sense to me. I simply want to make sure that the system startup will figure out what is different. Q2: Is there some command or utility to run after I make the swap that will add-remove packages and make the install on drive-A better matched to box-B, etc?
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Aug 16, 2010
RAM for older machines like I use is fairly cheap these days. But flash memory is just as cheap or cheaper. So I'd like to ask about the feasibility of expanding my system's memory using flash memory. And about whether creating a partition for swap on the flash memory, or whether a swap file on the flash device, is the better way to go.
By flash memory I have in mind mainly USB sticks or what are sometimes called "pen drives." But I do also have CF and SD cards that, with the proper cheap adapter (one of which I already own for adapting CF) could be used to create extra swap space. So, what is the current consensus on the feasibility/advisability of using flash memory for swap? I've read about the limited write cycles of flash being an argument against using it for swap. But recent reading indicates to me that the limited write cycles problem applies mostly to older, smaller-capacity flash memory. Some will come out and say that, for larger-capacity flash memory, the life of the device is likely to exceed the amount of time your current computer will be useful (I think I've seen estimates in the range of 3-4 years life--minimum--for newer, higher-capacity flash memory).
A more persuasive argument I've heard against using flash memory for swap is that access times for these devices can be much slower than SATA, and maybe even IDE, hard drives. That would certainly dictate against using flash memory for swap.
So, how about some input on this issue? Anyone using flash memory for swap? If so, what kind (e.g., usb stick or SD/CF)? Are you using a swap file or a swap partition? How's system performance? Likewise, has anyone had flash-memory-used-as-swap die on them? The consequences would undoubtedly be dire. Also, has anyone measured flash memory access times to confirm or refute claims about slow access times? Are some types of flash memory better/worse than others in terms of access times?
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Apr 15, 2010
I found what I believe to be odd behavior on an OpenSuSE 11.0 computer today. I needed to add some disk space on one of our computers and here is what I did: This computer had a separate disk for swap space so I deactivated swap (swapoff -a) and then removed the swap entry from /etc/fstab. I then shut down the computer and replaced what was a single disk used only for swap with a RAID1 hardware mirror.
I then booted the system and added a swap partition and another file system on the new RAID1 volume. Even after activating the new swap space with swap on, no swap ever seems to be actually allocated. The swap space shows up in top, free, "swap -s" and vmstat, but never gets used. I realize that a reboot will result in the swap being used, but is there anyway to get the kernel to use the swap without a reboot.
It's probably worth noting that I verified this behavior on a second computer. That is I turned off swap, removed the swap entry in /etc/fstab and then rebooted. Swap is never actually allocated until a second reboot. By the way, this was discovered when some of our users attempted to run java on the system where I did the first work and they got:
prompt> java -version
Error occurred during initialization of VM
Could not reserve enough space for object heap
Could not create the Java virtual machine.
Yesterday, java was working fine and I got the same results on my test computer. Is this a kernel bug or just odd behavior?
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May 10, 2010
I was unsatisfied with the 40second boot time of lucid and was searching for a solution for a while but didn't find anything yet. But today I found a way to boot 10seconds quicker.Lucid is installed here as suggested by the installer:
Primary rootpartition (/dev/sda1)
Logical partition (/dev/sda4)
swap (/dev/sda5)
[code]....
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Feb 3, 2011
With my ubuntu iso in the dvd drive, I do not get any boot from options for it to be used as boot drive within the boot order from the boot control panel. On startup with the alt key pressed I only get the Mac drive but when I change the boot to the other option (network) and press the alt key on startup, I get the boot order screen with the Mac HD and also the Ubuntu iso but cannot get the Ubuntu to highlight and use, just the Mac remains highlighted. On the same screen I get a very small wrist watch to the left of the screen that the mouse can move up and down but not to the side.
I am using a windows usb keyboard and usb mouse, I have used all manner of keyboard combinations to get the Ubuntu disc to highlight but nothing seems to work. Within the drive section, the "My Mac" drive is locked and cannot partition it or change anything about it. Has anyone any ideas that I can try? I did not want to get a Mac keyboard and Mouse as yet seeing as I wish to change the operating system to ubuntu.
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Dec 6, 2010
I am building a 10.04.1LTS server. I am putting the /root filesystem into a Software RAID1 partition. I want to keeo my /boot partition outside of RAID.Is there a way to have a boot partition on both sda and sdb so if one drive fails the second boot partition will work away - or should this be kept in with RAID also.
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May 3, 2010
I was upgrading our lab's dhcp server to Lucid and it totally died. I have it running on a Debian recovery cd right now. I ran into a bug in gtk which I seem to have fixed, but now I have more serious errors. If I boot without a CD, I get dumped into a busybox shell after the machine fails to boot. From the live CD, I tried dist-upgrading again and it dies trying to build and install rsyslog with a broken pipe error. I am at a loss as to what to do from here short of reinstalling (which is the last option as this server has a lot of custom configs on it)
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May 11, 2011
I know its a long shot, but still...
Is it possible to change size of boot and swap without doing a fresh install?
this is how my volume dist is like - root -30 gb, boot 200 mb, swap 8gb, home - 110 gb
my laptop is an amd turion dual core TL-58, with 2 gb ram and 160 gb hard disk...
and i want to change it to what is generally recommended ie boot to 500mb or 1 gb and swap to 4 gb..
the remaining can be added to home...
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Mar 29, 2010
I've just upgraded my wife's netbook to UNR 9.10. This seemed to go well and the netbook has been working fine since. Yesterday my daughter used the netbook with out any issues, but when my wife tried it halted during boot with:
Swap waiting for UUID: xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
After a couple of reboots it started working fine, but looking at /etc/fstab the entry for swap is different to the UUID shown in blkid Do I just update fstab with the UUID from blkid?
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Apr 17, 2010
So my Ubuntu 9.10 install has been hanging on boot lately. At first I thought it was a problem with the 2.6.31-20 kernel, because that is the default boot option in GRUB2. It seemed things worked fine if I instead chose the 2.6.31-19 kernel, but I had that hang yesterday too.I also had 2.6.31-20 boot just fine yesterday. Once. Next time I tried it - system hang.
What I mean by "hang" is,I would see the GRUB OS selection screen (I have 2 versions of Windows and 2 versions of Ubuntu on this machine),select the first choice (Ubuntu with the 2.6.31-20 kernel),see the "pulsating white Ubuntu logo" briefly,then a bunch of scrolling text, then...blank screen.Then nothing.I let it sit for a few minutes to a few hours when it did this, but nothing further happened.Then yesterday, I decided to let it sit the whole time I was at work, approximately 9 hours.I came home to a screen with the white Ubuntu logo and the following error message:
Code:
One or more of the mounts listed in /etc/fstab cannot yet be mounted:
swap: waiting for UUID=3fba81a3-de14-4f56-9e7b-ace95d933a0e
/proc/bus/usb: waiting for none[code]....
So it looks like I have a disk partition that refuses to mount sometimes.Gparted for some reason wouldn't tell me the UUIDs of swap partitions.They also don't show up in /dev/disk/by-uuid. Using the bootinfo script, I found out that 3fba81a3-de14-4f56-9e7b-ace95d933a0e is the 4 GB swap partition associated with my Ubuntu 9.10 install.The disk that partition is on is rated "healthy" by Disk Utility, with only a few bad sectors. The HDD is about 7 years old, so it's in remarkably good shape.What could cause this swap partition to not mount during boot, and how do I fix it?
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Oct 9, 2010
When I installed Debian stable on a headless machine of mine, I configured a partition with LUKS encryption (intended for swap), but told the installer not to use it. After installation, I configured that encrypted partition as swap and mounted it. I wanted my headless machine to boot all the way without manual intervention, so I can log in via ssh and mount my encrypted partitions.However, since the kernel was updated (and the initrd regenerated), the machine now waits during boot for me to enter the swap encryption password, but no others, only the swap.I have been unable to find in my searchings how the initrd is generated with that setting or how I can change it, preferably permanently so future regenerated initrd's don't try activating my encrypted swap on boot. Does anyone know how to configure a Debian style initrd generator to generate an initrd that will not try to activate swap?
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May 27, 2011
My old computer started randomly rebooting so I went out yesterday and bought a new one. It's a standard Intel 64 architecture with 2gb ram etc.The old computer was running Lenny however I'm happy to upgrade, so I just went to the main Debian download site and downloaded:debian-6.0.1a-ia64.netinst.iso (this didn't work, apparently ia64 is for itanium and my machine is definitely not that), so I downloaded: debian-6.0.1a-amd64-netinst.iso, burnt the CD and ran the install. First time through I had a power failure.
Second time through (a complete fresh start - new partition and everything) it went all the way through to completion and reboot.Clicked 'Continue' to reboot and the machine reset as it would normally and the Grub loader started okay, prompted for the "Debian amd64" standard boot image, selected that and the first 6 lines appeared normal, then the messages wizzed by so fast that only superman could read them. Then they stop - here is some of the content...
[3.816673] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to killl init!
Call trace:
get_empty_filp
panic
[code].....
Running it again I get similar stack stuff but it's a different place: [3.541816], [3.427502] And sometimes if I wait for a minute or two it will continue on further but appear to crash again. Hardware details (everything is onboard - no added cards):
G41M-S3
Intel G41 + ICH7 chipsets
CPU: LGA 775 for Intel Core 2 Extreme
[code]......
Is the amd64 the wrong image? Should I try i386? Is it a blip and I should just rerun the entire install again?
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