Debian Configuration :: Specify Different Languages For Different Users
Sep 27, 2015
I have Debian 8 installed, using:
* gdm3 as the default display manager (set up in "/etc/X11/default-display-manager");
* LXDE as the default desktop environment.
I did "dpkg-reconfigure locales" and I selected three languages: "en_US.UTF-8", "it_IT.UTF-8", "sv_SE.UTF-8" (the predefined one is "it_IT.UTF-8").Now I wish to create two more users each with a different language (both for X and console applications).I did a lot of googling without success; I tried modifying ~/.profile or ~/.dmrc (adding "export LANG=...") but they didn't work. I was able to change only the system-wide language, not the one of a single user.I got the conclusion that It's not possible to have multiple users each with a different language. Is it true?
I made another try.In another installation (Debian 8, with GNOME and LXDE) I created two users:antonio, ida.The former has only one hidden file in its home-dir: ".bashrc" with "LANG=it_IT.UTF-8" as the last line (no "export $LANG" added).The latter ("ida") has only two hidden files in its home-dir:
1. ".bashrc" clean, with no "LANG=it_IT.UTF-8" line
2. ".dmrc" containing two lines:
Language=sv_SE.utf8.I put "/usr/sbin/gdm3" in "/etc/X11/default-display-manager".After reboot both users are OK: each of them displays its own language: antonio has all menus and programs in italian ida has all menus and programs in swedish.
I was able to create 4 users with 4 languages (SE, IT, FR, ES). Then I deleted all directory and files (including "~/.bashrc" and "~/.dmrc") of one user, rebooted the PC, and NOTHING changed! So, where is stored the user's language?Not in his home; there is a list elsewere?
0. Use "lightdm" (not "gdm3") as the display manager (see "/etc/X11/default-display-manager")
To install it: su -c "apt-get install lightdm"
1. su -c "dpkg-reconfigure locales"
(select the desired locales: en_US.UTF-8, it_IT.UTF-8, sv_SE.UTF-8, etc; set "default locale for the system environment=None")
2. su -c "adduser emil" ("emil" is the name of a swedish user)
3. Logout
4. Select "Swedish" as default language (see at the top-right corner of the screen)
5. Write user name (emil) and password to login
6. After login, language is english (but file "~/.dmrc" is created with the correct language).
7. Reboot PC.
8. After reboot, login again as "emil": now language is Swedish
Now you can change the display manager to gdm3 if you prefer.To change applications language: su -c "apt-get install task-swedish task-swedish-desktop"
I found the file containing the user's language: it's the same containing the link to its icon:/var/lib/AccountsService/users/UserName.(needs "apt-get install accountsservice"). Editing that file is much simpler as I described earlier
I'm newbie on Debian, and I just installed Debian 8.2. (I used to run openSuse, and I see Debian is quite different.)
Where should I set environment variables (like PATH or JAVA_HOME) in order to affect all users?
I read some documentation about that, but It is not clear for me, the difference among "/etc/environment", "/etc/bash.bashrc" and "/etc/profile".
(In openSuse, I used to create a file "/etc/bash.bashrc.local" and set the environment variables there, in order these settings are not lost with updates.)
I have vsftpd installed on my Debian (squeeze). I wish to let a local user (ftp) access the FTP server, but not login as normal user through SSH. In vsftpd.conf, I have enabed local user and chroot. I have also changed the shell of the local user (ftp) to /bin/false. The problem is that, I cannot login the FTP server from another computer (I login as "ftp" on a Windows machine). But when I change the shell of the local user (ftp) to /bin/sh, I can login the FTP successfully.
Is this the problem of Windows, or I should use something else instead of /bin/false if I want to prevent "ftp" login service other than FTP?
i would like to prevent all users other than the user "parker" on my system from using the su or sudo commands. I have not attempted to modify the sudoers file so it just contains the standard root ALL = (ALL) ALL.
It looks like my web/ftp server has been hacked but I'm not sure how. I logged in tonight and found I had new mail. I read it and found some e-mails that had failed to send because I don't have mail setup (luckily). The e-mails were trying to send my user name and password to the e-mail address lostsoul2k@ymail.comI've no idea where to start, I use SSH, FTP now and then and it hosts a Wordpress site. The FTP users do not have access via SSH, only my user ID. However, the e-mails also contained another user ID that only has FTP access to the server.I've looked through the logs for rkhunter but it doesn't look like it found anything.
I have a USB stick, formatted as FAT32 and I assumed that everybody would be able to read from and write to it. However, I find that if more than one person is logged on to the machine (logged on locally, with "Switch User"), then only one of the users is allowed to write to the stick, and the other users are only allowed to read from it. Is that normal?
Here's the scenario: person A logs into the machine, is in the middle of something but gets called away and the screensaver kicks in. The screen is now locked. Person B comes to the machine to quickly copy a file onto a USB stick, doesn't know person A's password so does a "Switch User" and logs in as themselves. They plug in the stick, can read from it, but can't write to the stick at all. Permission denied.
By doing a "ls -l /media", person B can see that the stick is mounted but is owned by personA with permissions drwxr-xr-x . So only person A can write to the stick. I haven't done extensive testing but it seems to be the person who logged on first who gets to own the stick. It's certainly repeatable as described above. And it's really annoying, because unless person B knows the root password, he can't write to the stick. As a real last resort person B could reboot the computer but he doesn't know whether person A has any important stuff open or not.
I have an old server running CentOS 5. The encription method used was the default MD5 for the shadow file. I would like to migrate the server to Debian Squeeze which uses SHA512. I have already copied the passwd, group and shadow file with the user accounts information but the Debian machine doesn't let the users login. I have already looked in the pam files to make it accept the MD5 encryption without any luck. how can i migrate the users without resetting their passwords?
i've written a bash script to add new users to our system. the script works so I won't bother you all about that. when a new user is created with it, they can immediately login to our domain from any terminal, which is good. However, the newly created user is unable to login to debian at all, and so cannot access the server. when attempting to do so, they get a message like "the system administrator has disabled your account". This is a good thing really as normal users have no need for debian login, but I do need to add a few admin users who will need direct access to the server machine.
This is the code I'm using to add the user. The rest of my script is just a wrapper and GUI. I figure the login shell may have something to do with it, so I tried changing the shell of a user to the default /bin/bash. This resulted in the user being able to login - sort of. Gnome doesn't load though, and there's a cascade of errors across the screen about things failing to save or load settings. mostly stuff like nautilus, X, and gnome. the desktop background is black and there's no interface. Logging in with a previously existing account works fine though. Clearly I have an issue somewhere.
I did a 'netinst' today and de-selected every available option when I got to the 'software selection' screen (even 'Standard System & 'Desktop Environment') however after a fresh install, I noticed what seemed to me like useless / unnecessary system user accounts:
- news - games - www-data (obviously no Apache is installed)
I was wondering if there was a way to avoid this from a minimal install?
I have 2 users on my HPmini 210 netbook running Squeeze. I just found out that it does not connect to existing wireless networks when I login as the second user. Is it supposed to happen by default or am I supposed to do something to make that happen? Another problem is that when I tried to create "new connections" again for the second user, the keys won't work. The same keys are working for the first user. The network keys are WEP 64 bit HEX.
I need to set up quotas so each user has a limit of 20GB (soft could be 15GB) on their homes.Is there a way to set up a default quota for all the users, or do i have to do this for the 345982374058 users in my system manually?would group quotas help? (i dont understand much of these type of quota)
I need to add another user besides the one set up during the installation procedure but I also need to limit all users to use only their own /home/user directory.
I have setup Postfix + Dovecot on my basic debian 5 server. If I send a message to a localuser@mydomain.com from mutt, it delivers just fine and is visible when viewed through squirrelmail, I can also send just fine.
My issue is that irrespective of what options I set in main.cf, I cannot for the life of me get Postfix to stop erroring with "Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual alias table". I'm stumped.
My main.cf is as follows code...
I do not want to setup virtual hosting with MySQL or similar, I literally want to receive mail in local users mailboxes for a single domain. Any ideas on what's missing?
I'm trying to follow the exim documentation to allow suffixes on mailboxes for all users. For example, if user@domain is a mailbox, I want all mail directed to user-*@domain to be delivered user@domain. I've got the split-config-files option and have edited /etc/exim4/conf.d/router/600 to include local_part_suffix lines as follows:
I installed "squeeze" in English. I would like to add, at minimum, another language.I read through the various Debian manuals, but could find no reference to adding a language.I have googled for an answer for over one and a half hours. There were numerous inputs, but none, that I could find, gave me the answer.I searched for an answer in this forum in "Beginners' and in "General".All kinds of answers here but again, I came away without knowing how to add a language.I am coming off Ubuntu, which contained a simple method to add a language, so I have been spoiled pretty badly, I think.
i would like to be able to display/type all the characters/letters in my browser, character map and any other place you could think of. right now most of the languages in my character map are displayed as hex codes.
My Debian installation was originally only in Croatian, and I was fine with that until now. Being irritated by some javascripts (especially those that won't let me close a tab in Iceweasel) I installed noscript. However, I could not configure it (the configuration was "translated" in Croatian rendering it useless). So I did# dpkg-reconfigure localesand added English (en_US) besides Croatian (hr_HR)....
I have worked with it for some weeks when I installed it over the summer on my PowerPC. I am now trying to decide whether Debian (vs. Ubuntu) is the right OS for my brand new Toshiba Intel Core i3 with 3 GB of RAM.
1. Flash -- it is true that Debian doesn't support flash on the web? It certianly did not support flash on my PowerPC. I would appreciate if someone can give me a straight answer on this.
2. Languages -- can I simultaneously work with two or three different languages on Debian? I frequently have to type in several languages (e.g., English, French, Persian, Turkish). I am writing a dissertation, so this is very important to me.
3. Finally where can I read a little about comparison between Debian and Ubuntu? My understanding is that Debian is faster than Ubuntu and generally better. Ubuntu is after all based on Debian which means that it's secondary in stability, features, speed, etc. to Debian. Is this generalization correct? Or am I completely off the wall?
I use Lenny 2.6.26-1-686 and kde 3.5.10I installed scim/skim and a great load of related packages and some fonts. I changed a lot of configuration files, so many times that I'm at a loss about them right now. Skim is starting with kde, and an icon is showing at the lower right corner. If I press Alt+F2 to run another app though, this icon disappears. I configured skim at the meny "Main Toolbar Configuration" to "always show" [3]. So I can still configure it from this Toolbar that is always at the desktop. But I can't really use the programme.
Well, I'm trying to type romanized Pali fonts (Pali is the language of Buddhist scriptures).When I run openoffice, for instance, and try to select the "input method" there's only English/European; Raw Code; and Keyboard for alternatives.I created the file "/usr/share/m17n/sa-translit.mim" with a map for transliteration of the special characters. I learned how to do this here:The first thing I noted is that when I pasted the content of the file to the terminal, some characters appeared as "blank squares". So I guess my system can't find any fonts installed to print these characters. But I thought I had installed the fonts that supported them (Gentium, Dejavu Sans and others). I must be missing something.
At the K-Menu, if I go to "Settings" -> "SCIM Imput Method Setup" it doesn't work any more. No window opens. At first, when I was starting to try to make it work, I could open this setup window and the "sa-translit.mim" file was there under the "Other" category (but it didn't really work, I don't know why). Now this setup doesn't run anymore, and at the "Configure" window for Skim I have only "English/European" and "Raw Code" at "Global Setup"-> "Other".But I have many things at /usr/share/m17n/ which should be showing here, I guess.
My /etc/scim/global SupportedUnicodeLocales = en_GB.utf8 /DefaultPanelProgram = /usr/bin/scim-panel-kde
I'm looking to customize the environment for new users by changing the items in the GNOME menu, change the panel layout, add some shortcuts, and do a few other things. I looked in /etc/skel and there doesn't seem to be anything GNOME related in there; I also tried to put .gconf, .gconfd and .gnome2 from my home directory into /etc/skel and that didn't do what I wanted.
I'm running into problems adding the required schema for automount and ldap on Centos 5.6 (also tried Centos 5.3)In the last few days I was able to setup LDAP server and get client authentication working. I want to be able to automatically mount users home folders on logon and store the configuration in ldap.I've done the following so far
1) added include in /etc/openldap/slapd.conf to /etc/openldap/schema/redhat/autofs.schema
# See slapd.conf(5) for details on configuration options.
# This file should NOT be world readable.
# include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/redhat/autofs.schema
I'm in the process of starting a migration from an old postfix server to nice shiney new exim server however there are a few things i'm really not clear on and i'm hoping that some one here could point me in the correct direction. Okay the postfix server at the moment does the follwoing ( i'll try and keep this simple ):
* accepts incoming mail for users on multiple domains and puts the mail in the users mailbox ( external -> internal )
*accepts mail from users on multiple domains to pass on to the outside world ( internal -> external )
Obviously the POP and Imap functions are handled by other daemons.. I'd like to replicate this sort of setup on the new exim box, however the guides i can find only help with configuring the exim system for incoming mails ( external -> internal ) for multiple domains and i cant seem to find a guide that would indicate how to do both ( internal -> external and external -> internal ) on one box. I'm guessing i may have to do some sort of auth to get exim to accept and then handle the internal -> external side of things?
At present we are using windows print server getting user name and authenticated from domain server. I need your suggestion to configure linux printer server and how to share the printer to users and how to limit the user in taking printouts.
I am having no luck configuring ProFTPd on a Debian Lenny production server we use to host our MySQL databases and a few websites. I had originally set it up so I could login and manage our internal sites, but I have the need to allow a few clients in to access their sites that we host. I am trying to root the users in their site directory, which would be "/sites/www.whatever.com/".
It just hit me while typing this. Is it possible to create a user without a shell to prevent login via SSH and set the home folder to /sites/whatever instead of /home/username? That would allow me to continue operating with my current configuration and root them in their site while preventing SSH logins.
i have a HP MSA 2312fc SAN with 2 LUNs configured. The first LUN (LUN ID 1) is correctly connected to the system, but when i connect the second LUN (LUN ID 30), i find in the syslog this message: multipathd: 8:64: size 6835937472, expected 5267578112. Discard
Here is the multipath.conf
[Code]....
So I correctly see the two luns, but multipath doesn't create the relative devices. Under /dev/mapper I see: control mpath0 mpath0-part1 mpath0-part1 is the first lun, the one I mounted in a directory under filesystem. I can't find the device for the second lun
I am *finally* getting around to rebuilding my file-sharing computer. I'll be sharing files with both Linux and Windoze machines. It's a home network, so there's nothing fancy needed. I know I have to tweak my smb.conf file until I'm satisfied with the features and security. I'm using SWAT and I'm starting with a bare-bones conf file. It's not secure but I can see the server and selected files/directories from my other Linux box.
My really dumb question is, do I have to reboot both the server and the client machines every time I change the SAMBA configuration? I thought I just had to stop and restart the SAMBA service in the SWAT software - but then the server disappears from my client. It looks like I need to reboot both machines for the client to see the server.
I have some errors when run the mount -all command: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Failed to open /proc/filesystems: No such file or directory
I have a PC104 running debian. I have 3 hard drives (in addition to the one booting) mounted in fstab by UUID. I use the options defaults,error=remount-ro. However, this means that when I boot with the hard drives not attached, I have to press Ctrl-D to bypass when the boot discovers the drives are missing. Is there a timeout commandoption I can add to fstab so that it automatically continues booting even if the hard drives are not attached? I could not find anything on a timeout command. (I tried adding timeout=1000 but no-random guess)
