CentOS 5 Hardware :: Hard Drives - Creating "alternate" Boot Partitions And "alternate" Root File-systems On The New Drives
Aug 10, 2010
I have a Centos 5.5 system with 2* 250 gig sata physical drives, sda and sdb. Each drive has a linux raid boot partition and a Linux raid LVM partition. Both pairs of partitions are set up with raid 1 mirroring. I want to add more data capacity - and I propose to add a second pair of physical drives - this time 1.5 terabyte drives presumably sdc and sdd. I assume I can just plug in the new hardware - reboot the system and set up the new partitions, raid arrays and LVMs on the live system. My first question:
1) Is there any danger - that adding these drives to arbitrary sata ports on the motherboard will cause the re-enumeration of the "sdx" series in such a way that the system will get confused about where to find the existing raid components and/or the boot or root file-systems? If anyone can point me to a tutorial on how the enumeration of the "sdx" sequence works and how the system finds the raid arrays and root file-system at boot time
2) I intend to use the majority of the new raid array as an LVM "Data Volume" to isolate "data" from "system" files for backup and maintenance purposes. Is there any merit in creating "alternate" boot partitions and "alternate" root file-systems on the new drives so that the system can be backed up there periodically? The intent here is to boot from the newer partition in the event of a corruption or other failure of the current boot or root file-system. If this is a good idea - how would the system know where to find the root file-system if the original one gets corrupted. i.e. At boot time - how does the system know what root file-system to use and where to find it?
3) If I create new LVM /raid partitions on the new drives - should the new LVM be part of the same "volgroup" - or would it be better to make it a separate "volgroup"? What are the issues to consider in making that decision?
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Feb 16, 2011
I have a Windows XP system, and wanted to install Ubuntu to a 100 GB XT3 partition on the same drive. I was told I could chainload Ubuntu from the NT Loader menu. I booted from a Ubuntu 10.04 CD and ran the installer. It didn't find any hard drives. On a hunch, I tried the 10.04 alternate installer CD. That DID find the hard drive and partitions. I had the installer make /dev/sda7 (the XT3 partition) the root. Installation proceeded smoothly, but then the installer told me it did not see any other OS's on my drive! Why? I directed the installer to place grub on /dev/sda7 instead of the MBR.
Per the instructions I was given, I used DD to copy the first 512 bytes of /dev/sda7 to the Windows primary partition (sda1) as bootloader.lnx. But the resulting file is empty, and it won't boot. I repeated the whole process - formatting, installing FOUR times, and same results. I have no idea where GRUB was installed. It is apparently not in the MBR, because I still have my normal Windows boot. I downloaded the 10.10 alternate installer and got the same exact results. Even switched from XT3 to XT4. After two weeks of this nonsense, I still have yet to see Linux boot.
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Jun 27, 2010
I am going to setup a new Ubuntu 10.04 using RAID 1 soon. Installation will be via the alternate CD. Older distributions required manually installing Grub to the second drive, to boot if the first drive fails. I found different statements about how this is handled since 9.10.e.g.
Quote:
Install GRUB boot-loader on second drive (this step is not need if you use Ubuntu 9.10)
or
Quote:
installing GRUB to second hard drive depending on your distribution
> grub-install /dev/md0
or
> grub-install /dev/sda
> grub-install /dev/sdb
is Grub2 automatically installed in all RAID drives using alternate CD 10.04 like executing sort of "grub-nstall /dev/md0" during the installation ?
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Feb 9, 2009
i'm tying to dual boot Vista64 (already installed) and Fedora 10 x86_64. I am running a Dell XPS 410 running 2 sata hard drives raid 0 (ICH8DH). I started the process by shrinking my C drive on disk0 leaving 64.45GB of unallocated space. Next I rebooted into Fedora install DVD and when i get to blue graphical install screen i get message asking if my drive is GPT and if it is it may be corrupted. I click NO, and it comes up with a message telling me i have to initialize my drive if i want to use it ( have to click NO twice) and if i do it i will lose all my data.
i can click no and keep proceding through the install until i get to the partition setup screen. No hard drives or partitions are shown. I've tried googling the problem and get bits of pieces of information scattered in different parts but nothing conclusive to my problem i think. As far as my background of knowledge goes, I'm new to the linux community but give me a thorough guide and i'll do fine (i hope). I've been using fedora on a separate laptop for 2 days now .
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Jan 15, 2010
centos 4.4 - 3 of 4 hard drives removed now won't boot- can't find lv so kernel panic
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Jun 21, 2010
I recently had issues with the latest version of the Linux Kernels and I got that fixed but ever since that has happened none of my Drives will mount and they aren't even recognized.
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Dec 27, 2009
I've been struggling with this one for a while - I have three SATA hard drives installed on my system:
/dev/sda - an 80 GB disk with three partitions, one NTFS for WinXP, one ext4 for Fedora 11 x86_64, and a boot partition
/dev/sdb - a 250 GB disk with one partition, ext4
/dev/sdc - a 250 GB disk with one partition, ntfs
I can mount any partition on /dev/sda without problems - everything works exactly as expected. Attempting to mount a partition from one of the other disks results in something like the following (this is for sdc1):
Code:
[User@machine ~]$ sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sdc1 /mnt/shared
[sudo] password for User:
ntfs-3g: Failed to access volume '/dev/sdc1': No such file or directory
ntfs-3g 2009.11.14 integrated FUSE 27 - Third Generation NTFS Driver
XATTRS are on, POSIX ACLS are off
Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Yura Pakhuchiy
Copyright (C) 2006-2009 Szabolcs Szakacsits
Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Jean-Pierre Andre
Copyright (C) 2009 Erik Larsson
Usage: ntfs-3g [-o option[,...]] <device|image_file> <mount_point>
Options: ro (read-only mount), remove_hiberfile, uid=, gid=,
umask=, fmask=, dmask=, streams_interface=.
Please see the details in the manual (type: man ntfs-3g).
Example: ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/windows
Ntfs-3g news, support and information: http://ntfs-3g.org
The /mnt/shared directory is created; the failed to access error is related to the disk.
Here is the output from fdisk:
Code:
[User@machine ~]$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0f970f96
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 30401 244196001 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdc: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1050104f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 30401 244196001 7 HPFS/NTFS
Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8e538e53
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 6375 51200000 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda2 * 6375 6400 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 6400 9729 26743361 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/dm-0: 21.4 GB, 21428699136 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2605 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-1: 5955 MB, 5955911680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 724 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-2: 250.0 GB, 250059348992 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0f970f96
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/dm-2p1 1 30401 244196001 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/dm-3: 250.0 GB, 250056705024 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30400 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-3 doesn't contain a valid partition table
And also from blkid (this does not match the output from above - but I don't know if this is actually related to the problem or how to fix it):
Code:
[User@machine ~]$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="506412E06412C91C" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="811bf259-33d5-4db2-9851-e93b47dcbcc8" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda3: UUID="U3AJLH-Lhm1-b0lf-HDX9-ZK1V-ezqU-sb0YGQ" TYPE="lvm2pv"
/dev/dm-0: UUID="f5733171-0753-4f53-834b-cc693ffb0aed" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/dm-1: TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/vg_machine-lv_root: UUID="f5733171-0753-4f53-834b-cc693ffb0aed" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/vg_machine-lv_swap: TYPE="swap"
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Sep 29, 2010
iv been looking around at the different Linux systems particularity the smaller ones such as DSL, Slax and Puppy Linux. However i need a Linux distribution that doesn't have a GUI desktop environment just the plain old terminal to work on. The system would have to be able to boot from a USB drive also. If anyone knows a systems that fits those requirements or something else related please post. Also what file system is best for USB drives for booting systems?
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Mar 26, 2011
I am building a home server that will host a multitude of files; from mp3s to ebooks to FEA software and files. I don't know if RAID is the right thing for me. This server will have all the files that I have accumulated over the years and if the drive fails than I will be S.O.L. I have seen discussions where someone has RAID 1 setup but they don't have their drives internally (to the case), they bought 2 separate external hard drives with eSata to minimize an electrical failure to the drives. (I guess this is a good idea)I have also read about having one drive then using a second to rsync data every week. I planned on purchasing 2 enterprise hard drives of 500 MB to 1 GB but I don't have any experience with how I should handle my data
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Apr 14, 2010
I've been through a lot of the posts already, but nothing seems to solve my problem. I have Ubuntu 9.10 and Windows 7 dual installed (Windows was installed first). Everything has been working fine until a few weeks ago when I accidentally left a USB drive plugged in when I restarted my computer from Windows.
Ever since then, whenever I have restarted my computer from Windows grub2 has failed (it does not fail when I restart from Ubuntu). I get a varying message like Grub loading. The symbol ' ' not found. Aborted. Press any key..where the part between the single quotes is usually different each time. When this happens I have to reinstall Grub2 from a live disk, which is becoming a bit of a pain.
I've been reading around, but I don't really have a great understanding yet of how hard drives and partitions work in general, and so I haven't been able to work out what the source of this problem is.
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Jun 21, 2010
When my husband and I installed Open SuSE 11.2, we made the mistake of telling it to have my other 2 hard drives owned by root. So now, whenever I want to open my other 2 hard drives, I have to type in the root password. How can I change this?
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Jul 5, 2011
I have Fedora 14 installed on my main internal drive. I have one Fedora 14 and one Fedora 15 installed on two separate USB drives.When I boot into any of these drives, I can't access any of the other hard drives from the other drivesll I can, but just the boot partitions.Is there any way of mounting the other partitions so I can access the information?---------- Post added at 12:42 PM ---------- Previous post was at 09:34 AM ----------I guess even an explanation on why I can't view them would be good too.
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Jan 15, 2011
I am in the process of recovering data from some damaged hard drives.
I am copying the data to a recovery folder on the safe system disk where it is being sorted.
Some of the data/files I do not want to keep.
I want to delete them.
However the permissions are such that it will not let me.
I need to be root.
I don't really want to flaff about in the 1980's geek terminal environment ... just want to right click and select delete.
Is there any way within the GUI to be as one with Root, all powerful, all seeing ......
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May 23, 2010
I've looked high and low but I haven't been able to find any example of what I'm currently experiencing with my hard disks.First off, I'm running CentOS as a Samba file server, on a Soltek SL-K8TPro-939 and AMD 64 3200+ (all the rage of five years ago). Here's my disk setup
Drive #1 (80 GB)
-Boot partition
-LVM partition (this drive holds the root filesystem[code]....
Ok, so I get a notification in my system mail yesterday: The following warning/error was logged by the smartd daemon:
Device: /dev/sda, unable to open device
For details see host's SYSLOG (default: /var/log/messages).You can also use the smartctl utility for further investigation.No additional email messages about this problem will be sent.
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May 1, 2011
I've used it once before but got fed up with the boot asking me everytime I turned my laptop on because I wasn't using it enough. I have Windows 7 on drive C . I want to keep it on drive C. I have several 1.5TB+ drives, and one of them is not being used. I want to dedicate it to Ubuntu, and be able to do a dual boot with my Windows 7 install. Is this possible? If it is, what about when this drive is not connected to my laptop? Will that mess up the boot process?
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Jul 22, 2011
I have ubuntu 11.04 installed on a 80gb hard drive and everything was running fine. I then installed a second drive (1gb) for storage. It worked fine after a reboot but now it won't boot. I'm pretty sure it's just confused as to which drive is the boot drive. I'm not sure as to how to fix it in GRUB2.
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Dec 11, 2010
How can I mount 2 NTFS hard drives, preferebaly automaticaly on startup. a GUI would be nice too.
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Feb 4, 2011
My file in (LG External Hard Drives ) is invisible but on windows the file is not hidden
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Jul 24, 2011
One hard drive (I'll call it hard drive 1 for the sake of this post) has windows xp and ubuntu on it. It dual boots fine and Grub is installed in the MBR. I physically removed that hard drive and installed a higher capacity hard drive (I'll call it hard drive 2). This hard drive (hard drive 2) is a dual boot (win xp and linux mint) and Grub is installed in the MBR. It works fine.
Here's what I want to do:
1. Make hard drive 1 the master drive, and hard drive 2 the slave drive. I know how to do this (hd pin settings, master drive on the end of the ide chain, etc).
2. Have a grub menu that allows me to boot any of the OS's from any of the hard drives. As such this grub menu should have 4 entries.
What I think I need to do is add two entries to hard drive one's Grub; 1 for window xp (on the slave drive) and one for linux mint (also on the slave drive). How do I do that? However, I wonder if there is a way to tell hard drive 1's grub to link to the grub on hard drive two - i.e. to make an entry show up that when selected would show hard drive 2's grub menu options. Is this possible?
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Jul 28, 2010
Somehow after recent system update I'm unable to find any drives in the system. I see all of them in Bios, Grub finds them as well, but while loading the kernel and booting system to console they are missing. fdisk -l shows nothing (but somehow it did show me 1 drive for 5 minutes and then it was lost as well) I suspect that it was caused by udev and hal update, but I did etc-update and recompiled the kernel to a newer version (but with the old config) and it didn't work. I'm able to boot in the system and somehow work in it, although on the boot stage I get errors like /dev/sda1 is missing.
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Jun 10, 2010
would anyone here happen have gotten one of these successfully up, running &, aligned on 5.5? i only want two partitions. one 2gig for swap and the rest mounted @ /. i've googled myself into complete and utter confusion.[Moderator edit: changed the title to something more informative
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Jan 22, 2011
i want to give some permission to non root users so that they can mount drives without need of root password.
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Apr 30, 2010
last night i install ubuntu on my pc while installin there was a windows reporting a grub installing error it saids " grub cant be installed here" and it gives me the choice to select where to install it,the problem is that i have 2 HD one of 80GB and the other is 160GB in the 80 gb HD i have windows xp already isntalled and in the 160 GB HD i was installing ubuntu, i choose to install the grub in the 160 GB HD and now when i turn on my pc i can only access ubuntu is like if my HD with Win xp just disappear
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May 1, 2010
this may be a very stupid question, but. My computer has two hard drives. One has Windows XP installed on it. The other is blank.
Is it possible for me to install Ubuntu onto the second hard drive, and run a dual-boot using GRUB during startup? Or does it only work when both OSs are on the same hard drive?
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May 4, 2010
I would like to install Ubuntu 10.04 on my new 1 TB hard drive. I currently have Windows XP installed on a 160 GB hard drive for things that I cannot do on Ubuntu. I would like to know if it's possible to install the other hard drive, and then dual boot Windows with it? Effectively dual booting across two hard drives. I wouldn't care if GRUB replaces the standard Windows bootloader, just as long as I can choose between the two at startup
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Jun 26, 2011
I have windows7 on sda1.I have ubuntu natty on sdb1 I just purchased 2 more sata hard drives I have 2 sata burners how do I get my 2 new hard drives to work I plugged them in but no boot screen I have six sata slots
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Aug 20, 2010
is it possible to change the boot order of hard drives? I`ve got two 250gb sata hard drives on my pc and i can`t figure how to change the boot order without physically switching the data cables inside the case.I`ve been into the bios and it won`t let me switch the order there.
In one of harddrive I've installed UBUNTU 8.0.4 and other having UBUNTU 10.4. I am assuming I need to change grub/menu.lst file, but I am not sure exact syntex.
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Sep 24, 2010
I lost two computers this summer, and want to place my xp harddrive in with my cpu running linux.
I have both drives in , and linux detects the windows drive.
Is it too late to make this a duel boot.? all the duel boot threads, I searched start with a fresh install.
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Apr 13, 2011
I'm not exactly a newbie to Linux and it's OS, I have been using Ubuntu since the 8.xx release. I have two hard drives in my system, Hard Drive #1 is the primary drive and is 250GB, this hard drive is only used for Windows 7 Pro 64bit. The second hard drive is 320GB and split into two partitions. The first half has Windows XP Pro on it and the second partition has Ubuntu 10.04 on it. Both are split evenly at 160GB each. Here's how I did it, I first started by loading Windows XP Pro onto second hard drive, using the entire drive, once all updates and settings were applied I then installed Windows 7 Pro 64bit onto the first hard drive and used it fully. Once all settings and updates were applied I restarted the computer and it loaded directly into Win7, which is to be expected. I opened my computer, browsed through the second drive to make sure all files were intact.
I then downloaded and created a USB installation drive for Ubuntu 10.04. After the creation of the USB drive I proceeded to install Ubuntu 10.04 on my second drive, using half the space for Windows XP Pro, and half the space for Ubuntu 10.04. After that was all setup and done, I restarted one last time. Low and behold Ubuntu 10.04 and Windows 7 both appear on the boot menu, however Windows XP Pro does not. I panicked for a few short seconds but after logging into Windows 7 I realized all my XP Pro files where safe. So now I have 2 hard drives with 3 operating systems. Hard drive one has Windows 7 only and hard drive 2 is split between XP Pro and Ubuntu. However I cannot get Windows XP Pro added to the boot menu no matter how hard I try. I'm not entirely confident using the terminal as I am just starting to learn programming, but I know how to enter the commands and get things moving.
Every website that I look at tells me I need to start by editing some grub/menu.lsd, which for some reason does not exist or is "invalid directory". Some websites say I need to run "sudo apt-get grub-update", which again is an invalid command. Here's what I need. A step by step tutorial on how to add my XP into the loading menu. Example of step by step includes "Step 1: Open Terminal" and etc... It needs to be basic and down to earth. Don't just tell me to run codes and type a bunch of junk because that doesn't seem to work for me. I do not know what (hd,0) or (hd,1) means, but assuming the websites are correct, (hd,0) would be my Windows 7 HD and (hd,1) would be my Windows XP/Ubuntu HD?
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Apr 17, 2010
Here's the background.
1x Windows Vista laptop (laptop1)
1x Windows 7 laptop (laptop2)
1x Mac laptop (laptop 3)
I am running Ubuntu server with 3 hard drives. I have Webmin installed. So far, I have the three laptops being able to connect to samba and accessing /home/insert_user_here. All laptop users have access to my /media/data2 (photographs, videos). That's all good. At first, I couldn't get other users but laptop 3 to access /media/sdb1, but I fixed that by changing permission to 755 so I guess everyone can access this. Atm, I want to only allow laptop #3 to connect to /media/sdd1 (be able to read/write/etc.) while laptop 1 and 2 can't even see the files. Also, laptop 1 and 2 can't seem to read and write through file share.
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