Ubuntu :: Slow Boot After RAID Setup?
May 16, 2011
I've just finished setting up a RAID 1 on my system. Everything seems to be okay, but I have a very slow boot time. It takes about three minutes between the time I select Ubuntu from GRUB and the time I get to the login screen.
I found this really neat program called bootchart which graphically displays your boot process.
This is my first boot (after installing bootchart). I'm not an expert at reading these, but it appears there are two things holding up the boot, cdrom_id and md_0_resync. I tried unplugging my CD drive SATA cable, and this is the new boot image.
It's faster, but it still takes about a minute, which seems pretty slow on this system. The md0 RAID device is my main filesystem. Is it true that it needs to get resynced on each boot?
I'm not sure how to diagnose my CD drive issue. The model is a NEC ND-3550A DVD RW drive. I should also note that there's a quick error message at startup about the CD rom. It's too quick for me to read it, just one line on a black screen saying "error: cdrom something something".
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Oct 3, 2010
i installed ubuntu server on a 4-hard disk system, i installed with the RAID 10 support that comes with 10.04 server optioon. my raid swap is /dev/md0 and my raid data partition is /dev/md1
hard drives are /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
the instalation goes fine, from the 8TB im getting 4TB mirrored which is what i want,
but the instalation setup goes up to the point where it asks me to install grub boot loader, There i choose the default option and it does a fatal error.
my main goal is just to make it bootable, any method is welcome. this went beyond my RAID knowledge (more conceptual than technical)
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Mar 20, 2011
(This is for a 100% Clean install)
Q1) I was wondering if it is possible to Dual boot Ubuntu with Windows XP on a 1TB RAID-0 setup ?
Q2) Also, is it possible to create a SWAP partition (for Ubuntu) on a NON RAID-0 HDD ?
Q3) Lastly... I read GRUB2 is the default boot manager... should I use that, or GRUB / Lio ?
I have a total of 3 HDDs on this system:
-- 2x 500GB WDD HDDs (non-advanced format) ... RAID-0 setup
-- 1x 320GB WDD HDD (non RAID setup)
(The non RAID HDD is intended to be a SWAP drive for both XP and Ubuntu = 2 partitions)
I plan on making multiple partitions... and reserve partition space for Ubuntu (of course).
I have the latest version of the LiveCD created already.
Q4) Do I need the Alternate CD for this setup?
I plan on installing XP before Ubuntu.
This is my 1st time dual booting XP with Ubuntu.
I'm using these as my resources:
- [url]
- [url]
Q5) Anything else I should be aware of (possible issues during install)?
Q6) Lastly... is there anything like the AHCI (advanced host controller interface) like in Windows for Ubuntu?
(Since I need a special floppy during Windows Install...) I want to be able to use the Advanced Queuing capabilities of my SATA drives in Ubuntu.
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Jun 4, 2010
I've been all afternoon trying to install Ubuntu Lucid on my fakeRAID 0 configured (2) HDDs and am unable to set GRUB up. The fake RAID setup is provided by Intel Matrix Storage Manager, it is correctly enabled and the BIOS is also correctly set up -- in fact, I've managed to install Windows 7 with no significant hitch. After struggling with partioning the drives (had to follow advice I found on a very helpful guide online [0]), creating the filesystems AND getting Ubuntu's installer to actually do what it is supposed to do, I now cannot seem to set GRUB up. My system, as it stands, is unbootable at all; via live CD only.
This is how the RAID0 dev is partitioned:
Code:
# fdisk -l /dev/mapper/isw_ecdeiihbfi_Volume0
Disk /dev/mapper/isw_ecdeiihbfi_Volume0: 1000.2 GB, 1000210694144 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121602 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 131072 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6634b2b5 .....
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Dec 15, 2010
So I didn't notice when I setup my CentOS 5.5 server that I left / as RAID 0 on md1. All the rest are RAID 1. Is there a way I can modify the array to RAID 1 without a risk of data loss? I'm glad I caught this before I setup any other services. I've only setup smb so far...
[root@ftpserver ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md1 16G 3.0G 13G 20% /
[code]....
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Nov 26, 2010
I have installed Ubuntu on my m1530 since 8.04 and currently dual boot Win7 and 10.10. I would like to dual boot on my PC, but I have run into a problem. I am not a pro at Ubuntu, but this problem I can not solve by reading forums like I have in the past.
I realize this is a common problem, but I have noticed people having success.
I have a M4A87TD EVO MB with two Seagate drives in Raid 0. (The raid controller is a SB850 on that MB) I use the raid utility to create the raid drive that Windows7x64 uses. I have 2 partitions and 1 unused space. Partition 1 is Windows, partition 2 is for media, and the remaining unused space is for Ubuntu.
I am running ubuntu-10.10-desktop-amd64 off a Cruzer 16GB flash drive that was installed via Universal-USB-Installer-1.8.1.4.
My problem like so many others is that when I load into Ubuntu, gparted detects two separate hard drives instead of the raid. I read that this is because kpartx is not installed on 10.10. I then went in LiveCD mode and downloaded kpartx from Synaptic Manager. Gparted still reported two drives. I opened terminal and run a few commands with kpartx. I received an error. (Forgive me I didn't write it down, but I believe it said something about a communication error. I will try again later and see.)
Currently I am reflashing the Cruzer with a persistence of 4GB. I am not familiar with this process, but I understand that my LiveCD boot will save information I download to it. I decided to try this method because I was going to install kpartx and reboot to see if this made a difference.
I am looking for any suggestions on a different method or perhaps someone to tell me that the raid controller or some hardware isn't supported. I did install ubuntu-10.10-alternate-amd64 on my flash drive, but fail to get past detecting my CD-ROM drive since it's not plugged in. If this method is viable, I will plug it in. I also watched the ..... video were a guy creates Raid 0 with the alternated CD, but it wasn't a dual boot and didn't use a raid controller from a MB.
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Sep 20, 2010
I have a low power machine I use as an SFTP server.It currently contains two raid 1 arrays, and I am working on adding a third. However, I'm having a bit more trouble with this array than I did the prior arrays.My suspicion is that I have a bad drive, I am just not sure how to confirm it.I have successfully formatted both drives with EXT3 and performed disk checks on both which did not indicate a problem.
I can see it progressing in the blocks count, but it's incredibly slow. In the course of 5 minutes it progressed from 1024/1953511936 to 1088/1953511936.Checking top, not even 10% of my CPU is being used. Are there any other performance items I could check that could be affecting this?
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May 2, 2010
As the title says, my raid system is very very slow (this is for raid5 6x1Tb SAMSUNG HD103UJ):
Code:
leo@server:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
Timing cached reads: 1094 MB in 2.00 seconds = 546.79 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 8 MB in 3.16 seconds = 2.53 MB/sec
It's impossible and I've tried every configuration (raid5,raid0,Pass Through), and I become nearly exactly the same speed (with restarts, so I'm sure I'm really talking with the volumes I've defined).
One can compare it with the system drive :
Code:
leo@server:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 1756 MB in 2.00 seconds = 878.12 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 226 MB in 3.01 seconds = 75.14 MB/sec
Some hardware/software infos :
Code:
Raid card
Controller Name ARC-1230
Firmware Version V1.48 2009-12-31
Code:
Motherboard
Manufacturer: ASUSTeK Computer INC.
Product Name: P5LD2-VM DH
Code:
leo@server:~$ uname -a
Linux server 2.6.31-20-server #58-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 12 05:40:05 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Code:
IDE Channels .....
I'm a bit lost now. I could change the motherboard, or some bios settings.
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Mar 22, 2010
I am currently running Debian Squeeze on a headless system mainly used for backup.It has a RAID-1 made up of two 1TB SATA-Disks which can transfer about 100 MB/s reading and writing. Yesterday I noticed that one of the disks was missing from the RAID configuration. After re-adding the drive and doing a rebuild (ran with 80-100MB/s)
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Aug 1, 2010
I have ClearOS (CentOS) installed. I have 2 x 2TB SATA HDDs (hda & hdc). At installation time, I configured a RAID 1 (and LVM) between the two HDDs. After a power problem happened, the two HDD were re-syncing and I checked it using: watch cat /proc/mdstat The speed didn't exceed 2100 KB/s I tried the following with no change:
echo 50000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min
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Mar 3, 2010
I have a 4 drive RAID 5 array set up using mdadm. The system is stored on a seperate physical disk outside of the array. When reading from the array its fast but when writing to the array its extremely slow, down to 20MB/Sec compared to 125MB/Sec reading. It does a bit then pauses, then writes a bit more and then pauses again and so on.The test i did was to copy a 5GB file from the RAID to another spare non-raid disk on the system average speed 126MB/s. Copying it back on to the RAID (in another folder) the speed was 20MB/s.The other thing is very slow several KB/s write speed copying from eSATA drive to the RAID.
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Jul 14, 2010
I set up software RAID 5 on three 7200rpm Seagate Barracudas (2x80GB, 1x40GB) with 40 GB partitions on the beginning of all three disks.Now, when I do benchmarks using the Disk Utility I get about 52 MB/s read speed on the array. This seems kinda slow considering the average read speed on each individual drive is about 48 MB/s. Also, boot up takes about 30 seconds, which is the same as when I had Ubuntu installed on just one of the 'cudas, without RAID. Now, I am I missing something? Shouldn't the read speed be more that twice as fast since it can read from all three disks?
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Jul 5, 2011
Have Lian Li Ex 503 External Raid System, using 4x2TB, using Raidmode 10 for good performance [ Just for those who are interested: http://www.lian-li.com/v2/en/product/pr ... ex=115&g=f ]
[Code]...
But using e-sata my transfer rates are very low (from internal drive to external ex503), around 60-70mb/sec
But hdparm tells me:
[Code]...
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Aug 24, 2011
i have setup a software raid with mdadm. It consists of 4 hdds (1 samsung hd203wi and 3 * hd204ui) each with 2tb. When im doing benchmarks with bonnie++ or hdparm i get about 60mb/s write speed and 70mb/s read speed. Each single drive from the array has a read speed of > 100mb/s when testet with "hdparm -t".Im using opensuse 11.4 x64 with the latest patches from the update repositories. Im using the 2.6.37.6-0.7-desktop kernel.I have 4gb ram and an atom d525.
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Sep 15, 2010
It's been a real battle, but I am getting close.I won't go into all the details of the fight that I have had, but I've almost made it to the finish line. Here is the set up. ASUS Z8PE-D18 mother board 2 CPU, 8 Gig Ram. I recently added an OCZ Agility SSD, defined a raid 1 virtual disk on the 1 terabyte WD HDD drives, which will holds all of my user data, the SSD is for executables.The bios is set to AHCI. Windows 7 installed fine, recognizes the raid VD just fine.
I installed Ubuntu 10.04 by first booting into try and mode, then opening a terminal and issuing a "sudo dmraid -ay" command. Then performing the install. I told it to install the raid components, and told it to let me specify the partitions manually. When setting up the partitions, I told it to use the free space I set aside on the SSD from the Windows 7 install as ext4 and to mount root there. Ubuntu installed just fine, grub2 comes up just fine, and Windows 7 boots with out a hitch, recognizing the mirrored partition as I indicated previously. When I tell grub to boot linux however, it pauses and I get the "no block devices found" message. It will then boot, but it does not recognize the raid array. After Ubuntu starts up I can run "dmraid -ay" and it recognizes the raid array, but shows the two component disks of the raid array as well. It will not allow the component disks to be mounted, but they show up which is annoying. (I can live with that if I have to)
I have fixed a similar problem before by setting up a dmraid script in /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-top ... following the instructions found at the bottom of this blog:[URL].. To recap: My problem is that after grub2 fires up Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS (Lucid Lynx), it pauses, and I get "no block devices found" It then boots but does not recognize the raid array untill I manually run "dmraid -ay". I've hunted around for what to do but I have not found anything. It may be some timing issue or something, but I am so tired of beating my head against this wall.
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Apr 25, 2010
I have set up a RAID1 array and am trying to test if its is set up correctly/if errors are detected, reported and recoverable.
Started up the mdadm monitor with:
Code:
I set the RAID array to a faulty state by doing:
Code:
However I do not get any problem reports to my e-mail address. When I test the mdadm I get this result:
Code:
When I look in the postfix folder, sure enough.. there is no main.cf file there... but there IS a file named 'master.cf'. I am running Ubunto 9.10 with default components - have postfix but no sendmail.
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Aug 2, 2011
I have a situation where I need to setup some sort of storage solution with Raid 5 redundancy. I was thinking that Linux would be the way to go but I am not certain what platform would be best.
I was thinking running two SATA RAID controllers to get me somewhere between 4 - 6 TBs in Raid 5. I am very comfortable with ubuntu now and would love to use it. I have also used FreeNas in the past but would love to have a full OS on the machine if at all possible.
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Feb 10, 2011
I got a motherboard asus m2a-vm that has support for raid 0, 1 and 10 and I was just curios if anybody has used a fakeraid for raid 0 with ubuntu. If so did it work out as planed?
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Jan 5, 2011
I have recently migrated my file server over to a HP Microserver. The server has two 1TB disks, in a software RAID-1 array, using MDADM. When I migrated simply moved the mirrored disks over, from the old server Ubuntu 9.10 (server) to the new one 10.04.1 (server).I Have recently noticed that write speed to the RAID array is *VERY* slow. In the order of 1-2MB/s order of magnitude (more info below). Now obviously this is not optimal performance to say the least. I have checked a few things, CPU utilisation is not abnormal (<5%) nor is memory / swap. When I took a disk out and rebuilt the array, with only one disk (tried both) performance was as to be expected (write speed >~70MB/s) The read speed seems to be unaffected however!
I'm tempted to think that there is something funny going on with the storage subsystem, as copying from the single disk to the array is slower than creating a file from /dev/zero to the array using DD..Either way I can't try the array in another computer right now, so I though I was ask to see if people have seen anything like this!At the moment I'm not sure if it is something strange to do with having simply chucked the mirrored array into the new server, perhaps a different version of MDADM? I'm wondering if it's worth backing up and starting from scratch! Anyhow this has really got me scratching my head, and its a bit of a pain! Any help here would be awesome, e-cookies at the ready! Cheers
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Jul 12, 2010
I'm setting up a web server but I have no experience with RAID. I would like to try this configuration if possible:
2 x HDD 500GB RAID1
1 x HDD 20GB (logs and tmp)
The old 20GB drive I would like to use it to store logs and temporally files (mounted in /var/log and /tmp respectively). With this I'm trying to reduce some disk usage in the RAID drives. In my idea, it would be better to write the access/error logs of the web server in a separated drive to the one serving the files which may increase speed... sounds crazy?
One problem is that during the installation, If I set the RAID automatically it will try to use my 20GB HDD as well in the RAID... Does it will work if I set the RAID first (removing the 20GB HDD) and then set the mount points in it after the installation?
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Aug 19, 2010
I have the latest ubuntu V10 and trying to set up a raid 5 to use as storage. I have 3 1 TB drives along with the 160 GB OS drive. Is what I want to do possible and is there a gui interface to perform this or clear instructions on how to accomplish this? I am a novice when it comes to Linux but trying to ween myself off of Microsoft.
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Sep 9, 2010
Recently did an apt update and upgrade to my CLI only Lenny server. Upon reboot I get an "ATA softreset failed (device not ready)" for all of my SATA drives. I noticed the upgrade changed the kernel to "Linux debian 2.6.26-2-amd64" (do have 64bit CPU).Once loaded to a command prompt I can assemble my raid 6 array with the command "mdadm --assemble /dev/sda to sdd" then mount it with mount -a. But transfers to the array areorribly slow ~1mbs.Upon reboot i get the same errors and have to assemble my array every time
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Dec 2, 2009
I have 2 drives and wish to use the following partition setup.
sda1 /boot 1GB ext4
sda2 / 50GB ext4 raid 0
sdb1 / 50GB ext4 raid 0
Unfortunately only Ubuntu server has the option to make a raid in the install. Can somebody point me to a howto on something like this up. I'm thinking I will want to install onto a sdb2 set up the raid and copy the file system to the raid.
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Oct 6, 2010
Can I use UUIDs to setup a raid with mdadm?
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Jan 9, 2011
I'm trying to setup a RAID 5 array of 3x2TB drives and noticed that, besides having a faulty drive listed, I keep getting what looks like two separate arrays defined. I've setup the array using the following :
sudo mdadm --create /dev/md01 --verbose --chunk=64 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sde
So I've defined it as md01, or so I think. However, looking in the Disk Utility the array is listed as md1 (degraded) instead. Sure enough I get :cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md1 : active raid5 sde[3](F) sdc[1] sdb[0]
3907028992 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [UU_]
So I tried getting info from mdadm on both md01 and md1 :user@al9000:~$ sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 00.90
Creation Time : Sun Jan 9 10:51:21 2011
Raid Level : raid5 ......
Is this normal? I've tried using mdadm to --stop then --remove both arrays and then start from scratch but I end up in the same place. I'm just getting my feet wet with this so perhaps I'm missing some fundamentals here. I think the drive fault is a separate issue, strange since the Disk Utility says the drive is healthy and I'm running the self test now. Perhaps a bad cable is my next check...
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Apr 4, 2011
I have the current disk setup :
disk1 :
Code:
sda:
(primary) sda1 ntfs
(primary) sda2 ext3 (mounted as / )[code]....
Before i set up the raid, but with this exact partitioning, the system booted perfectly. When i installed mdadm and created the raid1 mirroring on sda6 and sdb1, the init got screwed up, and all i get is a shell on initramfs, from where i can inspect that sda is binded on md, and cat /proc/mdstat tells me that i have an inactive sda[4].I can't mount the root partition (sda2), because it's busy (i suspect dmraid to lock it), which is, i guess, why init cannot be found.
I wonder if my error is to setup a raid array using a logical partition contained in an extended partition (but i hardly see why it would not work - but the sda bind and the sda[4] in mdstat seems to tell me that it does not), or it's just the initrd that is improperly configured. The other things that bothers me, is that changing the partition type of the raid partitions (fd to 0 - Empty), to disable raid autodetection, resulted in the same behavior on boot. Which might lead me again to think about configuration file problem instead of improper setup.The live cd doesn't not seem to recognize raid, so i can't inspect problems any further, but i could inspect system configuration, but i don't really know where to start.
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Mar 11, 2011
I am just getting into the Raid world with my home server. what i have:
Asus M3A78-CM (may be wrong, cant remember for sure) Motherboard with 6 Sata2 Connectors
3 2TB Sata2 Drives
2GB of DDR2 Ram set in bank A
AMD Dual Core (i'll know what it is when i get the system booted)
What i am trying to figure out is when i build this system, I will put in the HDD's into Sata Ports 1-3 and in the BIOS i will setup a RAID 5 Array. Now, do i just format and partition like normal? Would it be better to have a smaller, and better performing Sata2 for the system so i can have the raid be only for file storage?
In what i have read about this, i need to format each drive into two partitions at least but i do not know what needs to be done, The guides just vaguely say something about two partitions and then move on (trick of the trade? keep all of us in the dark? LOL) I would like to have a raid for my storage and a faster disk for the OS and home directories. But if it cannot be done then thats how it is. So do i put the TB drives in Sata Ports 4-6 and my other drive in Sata Port 1?
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Jul 21, 2009
I looking to setup a CentOS server with RAID 5 i was wondering what the best way to set it up and How with the ability to add more HDD to the RAID system later on if needed?
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Dec 9, 2009
I'm setting up a backup server using Centos 5.3 and an Adaptec 5805 raid card and discovered that I can't use a raid setup that is over 2TB in size as the boot drive. What I eventually did was set up 2 raids on the same set of 4 drives so that I have a 200Gb 'drive' for booting and a 2.6TB 'Drive' for data. I want to keep the OS in the raid setting so I have some protection instead of having a dedicated stand alone drive for the OS. This will be for a company wide backup server and I want to minimize the possibility of drive failure for the OS as well as the Data.
I was able to install and reboot the system and everything seemed to be working but after some working on it a bit I did a reboot and wound up with a non-booting system. I can boot to the rescue mode with the install dvd and mount the original system and I even tried to reinstall the grub setup per instructions I found on the net but still I get a system that hangs up after it asks if I want to boot from the CD. If I take out the CDROM option from the boot lineup in the bios I stop at the same place minus the boot cd prompt.
I'm guessing it is something to do with one of the raid drives being over 2TB but I'm booting from a 200gb sized raid so I'm really at a loss for what to do next??
Is what I've described the correct way to handle booting up with a large raid or is there another way to reconfigure the drives as one big 2.8TB raid and use something other than grub to boot to it?
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Oct 20, 2010
I've been, for some years, an happy user of Highpoint HPT374 based RAID cards, using RAID 5 with decent performances (constantly around 90 MB/sec in read, and 60 MB/sec in write ). Old Athlon mobo , with 2.6.8 kernel. Now the mobo is dead, so I've got an Asrock A330GC (dual proc with 4giga ram), installed Debian with kernel 2.6.26 and moved the controller and disks , and the performances have dropped to a painful 9 MB/sec in write, measured with dd of a huge file (interrupted with kill -USR1 [pidof dd]).
Read performances are still around 90MB/sec, using hdparm -t , repeated many times , figures are constantly around 90MB/sec. I suspect some libata issue , in old kernel the raid was seen as hdb, now is sdb, some driver(s) of the PATA disks may be responsible. I've used the driver, from Highpoint v2.19 , the latest driver is broken (causes kernel oops during format of raid), I've informed Highpoint.
Here some info :
hdparm -i /dev/sdb :
HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed: invalid argument .
lspci :
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ/P/PL Memory Controller Hub (rev 02)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 02)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 01)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 01) .....
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