Server :: Create A "slow To Update" Raid - To Keep Spindle On Second Disk Spun Down?

May 5, 2011

I have a small SDD system disk and a large data disk on a server based on fedora core. It is organized this way so that the data disk can be spun down most of the time, reducing noise and heat.I'd like some way to periodically create a bootable backup of the system disk on the data disk, so that if the SDD goes belly-up, I lose minimal data and can very quickly bring the system up.Some thoughts:1. I know I can create a partition on the large disk and make the system boot from a raid0 mirror.However, the constant writes to the system disk (e.g. by the journal daemon) will ensure it never spins down.2. I can do a periodic format and cp -ax to the "copy of system" partition, but that doesn't leave the disk bootable because it needs changes to the /etc/fstab, and possibly a mkinitrd to become bootable.3. Or something like boot from a TFS (translucent filesystem) where base layer would be the raid, and the writable layer would be on the SDD, with periodic pushes of the writable part to the base layer (I'm not sure this is even possible).

4. In a virtual world this could be managed by appropriate location and use of snapshot images, but I'm not in a virtual world - as far as I know :0).Ideally I'd like something like raid that only brought the copy of system disk into sync with the running system infrequently (perhaps every few hours). Can anybody suggest how to do this?

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Ubuntu Servers :: RAID-5 Recovery (spare/active) / Degraded And Can't Create Raid ,auto Stop Raid [md1]?

Feb 1, 2011

Could any RAID gurus kindly assist me on the following RAID-5 issue?I have an mdadm-created RAID5 array consisting of 4 discs. One of the discs was dropping out, so I decided to replace it. Somehow, this went terribly wrong and I succeeded in marking two of the drives as faulty, and the re-adding them as spare.

Now the array is (logically) no longer able to start:

mdadm: Not enough devices to start the array.Degraded and can't create RAID ,auto stop RAID [md1]

I was able to examine the disks though:

Code:
root@127.0.0.1:/etc# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 00.90.00
code....

Code:
mdadm --create --assume-clean --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2
As I don't want to ruin the maybe small chance I have left to rescue my data, I would like to hear the input of this wise community.

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Server :: Having Slow RAID 1 Resync?

Aug 1, 2010

I have ClearOS (CentOS) installed. I have 2 x 2TB SATA HDDs (hda & hdc). At installation time, I configured a RAID 1 (and LVM) between the two HDDs. After a power problem happened, the two HDD were re-syncing and I checked it using: watch cat /proc/mdstat The speed didn't exceed 2100 KB/s I tried the following with no change:

echo 50000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min

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Server :: Very Slow Raid Performance / Only Write Speed

Jan 5, 2011

I have recently migrated my file server over to a HP Microserver. The server has two 1TB disks, in a software RAID-1 array, using MDADM. When I migrated simply moved the mirrored disks over, from the old server Ubuntu 9.10 (server) to the new one 10.04.1 (server).I Have recently noticed that write speed to the RAID array is *VERY* slow. In the order of 1-2MB/s order of magnitude (more info below). Now obviously this is not optimal performance to say the least. I have checked a few things, CPU utilisation is not abnormal (<5%) nor is memory / swap. When I took a disk out and rebuilt the array, with only one disk (tried both) performance was as to be expected (write speed >~70MB/s) The read speed seems to be unaffected however!

I'm tempted to think that there is something funny going on with the storage subsystem, as copying from the single disk to the array is slower than creating a file from /dev/zero to the array using DD..Either way I can't try the array in another computer right now, so I though I was ask to see if people have seen anything like this!At the moment I'm not sure if it is something strange to do with having simply chucked the mirrored array into the new server, perhaps a different version of MDADM? I'm wondering if it's worth backing up and starting from scratch! Anyhow this has really got me scratching my head, and its a bit of a pain! Any help here would be awesome, e-cookies at the ready! Cheers

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Server :: Create Nested Raid In Centos?

Jan 21, 2010

We can create normal raid levels in centos using mdadm, but how can we create nested raid levels ( example raid 1+0 Raid 0+1).

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Server :: Mdadm Create,, Raid Array Is Not Clean?

Nov 16, 2009

mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-disks=2 missing /dev/sdb1and I getmd1: raid array is not clean -- starting background reconstructionWhy is it not clean?Should I be worried?The HD is not new it has been used in before in a raid array but has beenrepartitionated.

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CentOS 5 Server :: Possible To Create RAID SW On Working System

Oct 5, 2009

I'm working in a little company and 2 weeks ago one of our server had a hard disk failure (yes it was a seagate 11) and after passed two days without sleep trying to recover everything (and we did it!!) we took the decision now to use in some of our server a raid sw, so if one HD fail we can continue with our system without losing nothing. Yes I know normally you have to take all the precautions before so this things never happen, but you know I thing if it never arrives you, you always think than you're lucky and it's never going to happen to you but one day you discover reality.

So now this server is working with a Centos and the default HD partitions one boot partition and the LVM. I'm reading everything I'm finding about raid sw and lvm but I don't find if it's possible to create now with the system working a raid sw without having to reinstall all the system. Is it possible to do it ? If not what are my options to make a system backup before reinstalling everything?

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Fedora Installation :: Install F13 On A Server That Has A 2-disk RAID Setup In The BIOS?

Jul 8, 2010

I'm attempting to install F13 on a server that has a 2-disk RAID setup in the BIOS. When I get to the screen where I select what drive to install on, there are no drives listed. The hard drives were completely formatted before starting the 13 installation. Do I need to put something on them before Fedora will install?

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Server :: Creating Backup Disk Image Of RAID 1 Array (MDADM)?

Oct 27, 2010

We have some servers that run in very harsh environments (research vessel) that need to have high-availability.We have software RAID 1 for some measure of resiliency, along with proper data backups (tapes etc), however we would like to be able to break out a new server and re-image it (including RAID setup) from a known good copy if the hardware completely fails on the production box. Simplicity of the process is a big plus.I am interested in any advice on the best way to approach this. My current approach (relatively new to Linux administration, totally new to MDADM) is to use DD to take a complete gzipped copy of one of the RAID'ed devices (from a live CD): ode:
dd if=/dev/sda bs=4096 | gzip -c > /mnt/external/image/test.img then reverse the process on the new PC, finally using Code:mdadm --assemble to re-create and re-build the array.

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Ubuntu Installation :: Create File Server - Install Hardware Raid Controller

Jun 18, 2010

I want to create a file-server with Ubuntu and have two additional hard drives in a RAID 1 setup. Current Hardware: I purchased a RAID controller from [URL]... (Rosewill RC-201). I took an old machine with a 750GB hard drive (installed Ubuntu on this drive). I installed the Rosewill RAID card via PCI port. Connected two 1TB hard drives to the Rosewill raid card. Went into the RAID bios and configured it to RAID 1.

My Problem: When I boot into Ubuntu and go to the hard drive utility (I think that's what its called). I see the RAID controller present with two hard drives configured separately. I format and tried varies partition combination and at the end of the day I see two separate hard drives. Just for giggles, I also tried RAID 0 to see if they would combine the drives.

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Server :: Create A Boot Disk For Red Hat AS Enterprise Server?

Jan 15, 2010

I am in need of the instructions of how to create a boot disk for my RED HAT Linux Enterprise Server. I have a floppy drive also it this helps.

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Hardware :: RAID - Create RAID 1 Without Deleting Data?

Jul 18, 2009

how can I create RAID 1+0 using two drives (one is with data and second one is new). Is it possible to synchronize data drive with empty drive and create RAID 1+0 ?

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Hardware :: Server - Buffered Disk Read Speed Just 3.98MB/s Very Slow ?

Jul 12, 2010

I am having a problem with my CentOS based server where the hard drive speeds are incredibly slow for both of the hard drives installed -

Code:

Timing cached reads: 16512 MB in 2.00 seconds = 8272.92 MB/sec

Timing buffered disk reads: 12 MB in 3.01 seconds = 3.98 MB/sec

I have looked around but do not understand the complexities of rebuilding kernel etc so would need some assistance. I have checked IO_support and it is set to 0

Code:

Here are the results for hardware installed after a quick lspci -v

Code:

If there are any noticeable incompatibilities here and how I could work to speed this up. I only have SSH access and could possibly get a KVM on it as it is currently locked up in a DataCenter.

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Server :: How To Create Disk Space Quota

May 26, 2010

What is the best way to create a hard (OS) quota on disk space folders? Basically in web root folder /var/www/lighttpd I have a folder called domains. I want to set a quota on each domain folder. The quota sizes will vary per folder. Is there a way to do this without creating a user for every domain? Currently every folder is owned by the lighttpd user and group.

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Server :: Create Users On Mounted Disk Image?

Sep 30, 2010

I'm currently in the middle of developing an automatic system which can provision Linux VMs automatically.Let's say I have a disk image which has a Linux distro installed on it. How would I change the root password on that, without having to boot the OS?It would be nice if I could just simply run passwd with some switch to point to the /etc/shadow file on the (mounted) VM disk image..

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Red Hat :: Hard Disk Partition Size To Create Name Server

Jan 24, 2011

I want to configure Name Server i.e., DNS to my red hat linux box in a production enviromnt.The ram is 2 GB and Hard Disk size is 200 GB. How much space should I give /var, /usr, /boot, /root and home partition. May be I am wrong in partition point of view while installing fresh red hat but to install for home purpose and server end is different. So kindly guide me the hard disk partition size to ready it for name server.

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Ubuntu :: USB Disk - Slow Transfer Speeds And Slow System?

Apr 17, 2011

Whenever I transfer a movie into my 16GB USB flash disk, my whole system becomes windows-like and unusable!

When i drag the file(s) into the USB disk folder, it starts out fine and pretty darn fast (25mb/sec) then slowly decreases until it's unbearably slow (3m/sec) and as a side effect my whole system starts deteriorating. I basically have to wait for the file to finish transferring before i can use my desktop again!

This has been happening with every version since Karmic (all 64bit)- I put up with it because I don't use the USB stick that much.. but lately it's been my go to source for transfering large files to/from work.

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Hardware :: Fedora 11 RAID 1 - Disk Failure - Boot From The Single Working Disk?

Oct 16, 2009

my Fedora 11 system is not starting anylonger. It stops with the message:

Code:

VFS: Can't find ext4 filesystem on dev dm-0

The system told me since a while, that a lot of the sectors of one disk of the (software) RAID compound are failed already. So tried to disconnect each of the disks and start them separately. Unfortunaltly this is not working (for one its is not working at all, the other wents the same far as with both), when I tried to recover the system with the Fedora DVD, it said no distribution found. I am quite new and do not know so much about linux system, so i do not know what further information you could need. Maybe it can be important, that both disks are encryped (the system wents so far, that I can type in the password).

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Ubuntu Servers :: HW RAID Disk Shows Up In Fstab But Not In /dev/disk/by-uuid?

Jun 28, 2010

I have an SiI hardware SATA RAID card, with two 500GB disks in mirrored RAID configuration. When I first plugged them in and set it up, things seemed to work ok, but on boot the raid controller told me that the RAID needed rebuilding, and it would happen automatically after POST. So I didn't worry about it, and the drive mounted fine, and it's been that way for years. I just went in and manually on-line rebuilt the RAID in the controller's BIOS, and now when I boot into Ubuntu, both disks show up in fdisk, but neither show up in /dev/disk/by-uuid. Am I missing something?

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Ubuntu Installation :: Migrate Working Single Disk System To Existing RAID Array Using Disk UUIDs

Aug 1, 2010

I had done a new lucid install to a 1 TB RAID 1 array using the alternate CD a few weeks back. I messed up that system trying to some hardware working that lucid doesn't have drivers for yet, so I gave up on it and reinstalled to a single 80 GB disk that I now want to move over to the RAID array.

I moved all of the existing files on the array to a single folder, then copied all of the folders from the 80 GB disk over to the array with permissions and symlinks (minus the contents of /proc and /sys, which I created empty).

These are the commands I used:

Quote:

p -a -d -R -v -t /media/raid_array /b*
cp -a -d -R -v -t /media/raid_array /d*
cp -a -d -R -v -t /media/raid_array /e*
cp -a -d -R -v -t /media/raid_array /h*

[Code]....

I tried to change fstab to use the 689a... for root, but when I try to boot, it's still trying to open /dev/disk/by-uuid/412d...

So then I booted from the single disk again and chrooted into the array, then ran update-initramfs -u. I got 3 "grep: /proc/modules: No such file or directory" errors, and "cat: /proc/cmdline: No such file or directory"- so I created directory /proc/modules, created an empty file /proc/cmdline, and ran the initramfs update again. Then I tried to shut down, which hung (probably because I was doing all of this from a terminal window in Gnome), so I killed the power after a couple of minutes.

It's still trying to use /dev/disk/by-uuid/412d... to boot.

What am I missing? I assume I just have to change the UUID to mount as root, but I don't know how.

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OpenSUSE :: How To Create A Local Update Server

Aug 26, 2011

We have several linux hosts at our site. I would like to set one of the servers to offer a local update service rather than have each host contact the public servers for update information. This would greatly speed the updates for each host since we only have a DSL connection (about 1.2Mbps transfer rate). Is there a tutorial somewhere that describes how to set up a "shadow" update server?

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Ubuntu :: Very SLOW File Copy Speed (disk To Disk)

Mar 27, 2011

i have amd athlon x2 3gb RAM ddr2 two hdd one 80gb other 1tb in this computer i got only ubuntu all disk in EXT4.i want to copy 10gb many file of 700mb or 1gb ( many linux ISO )the transfer is 1mb/s this is SOOO SLOW.i did a touch /forcefsck just in case but nothing happen it is still slow!!what might be the problem ??

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General :: Hard Drive Won't Spin Down Automatically Or Stay Spun Down When Requested

Sep 28, 2010

GNOME has an option "Spin down hard disks when possible"; is it ever possible? I'm using a netbook so I only have one drive and the operating system is on it. Is the operating system ever idle for more than a few seconds? If I spin down my SATA drive with sdparm it spins back up immediately. It's a 320GB 7200RPM drive; just wondering if I could save some battery life.

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Ubuntu :: Raid 1 Very Slow Resync

Sep 20, 2010

I have a low power machine I use as an SFTP server.It currently contains two raid 1 arrays, and I am working on adding a third. However, I'm having a bit more trouble with this array than I did the prior arrays.My suspicion is that I have a bad drive, I am just not sure how to confirm it.I have successfully formatted both drives with EXT3 and performed disk checks on both which did not indicate a problem.

I can see it progressing in the blocks count, but it's incredibly slow. In the course of 5 minutes it progressed from 1024/1953511936 to 1088/1953511936.Checking top, not even 10% of my CPU is being used. Are there any other performance items I could check that could be affecting this?

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Debian :: Software RAID-1 Way Too Slow

Mar 22, 2010

I am currently running Debian Squeeze on a headless system mainly used for backup.It has a RAID-1 made up of two 1TB SATA-Disks which can transfer about 100 MB/s reading and writing. Yesterday I noticed that one of the disks was missing from the RAID configuration. After re-adding the drive and doing a rebuild (ran with 80-100MB/s)

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Server :: How Long Does Hardware Raid Card (raid 1) Take To Mirror 1 TB Drive (500gb Used)

Mar 22, 2011

How long does hardware Raid card (raid 1, 2 drives)take to mirror a 1 TB drive (500gb used)?Is there a general rule of thumb for this?4 hours? 12 hours? 24 hours?

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CentOS 5 Hardware :: Connect A RAID Box To The Server Via LSI 8880EM2 RAID Controller

Aug 3, 2010

I am trying to connect a RAID Box to the server via LSI 8880EM2 RAID controller.The raid box is FUjitsu Externus DX60 with raid 1 configured.The server is Fujitsu Primergy SX300 S5 with LSI 8880EM2 RAID card.The external raid box is being recognised by the raid controllers bios.

The server runs CentOS 5.5 64bit. I have installed the megaraid_sas driver from LSI website and MegaCLI utility but CentOS still fails to see the box.MegaCLI utility, when launched from CentOS, recognises the raid box, CentOS does not(no mapping being created in /dev).

I have also tried to create a logical RAID0 HDD on one physical HDD(as seen by MegaCLI) with MegaCLI utility in CentOS.The result was success and the new logical drive could have been used, but when restarting the server, the controllers' bios fails with an error (not surprised(one logical RAID0 on one physical HDD)) and configuration is being erased.

Has anyone tried connecting 8880EM2 controller to a raid box with raid configured on the box, running it all under CentOS and what were the results.

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Debian :: External Raid Sys Using E-Sata - Slow

Jul 5, 2011

Have Lian Li Ex 503 External Raid System, using 4x2TB, using Raidmode 10 for good performance [ Just for those who are interested: http://www.lian-li.com/v2/en/product/pr ... ex=115&g=f ]

[Code]...

But using e-sata my transfer rates are very low (from internal drive to external ex503), around 60-70mb/sec
But hdparm tells me:

[Code]...

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OpenSUSE Hardware :: Software Raid 5 Really Slow

Aug 24, 2011

i have setup a software raid with mdadm. It consists of 4 hdds (1 samsung hd203wi and 3 * hd204ui) each with 2tb. When im doing benchmarks with bonnie++ or hdparm i get about 60mb/s write speed and 70mb/s read speed. Each single drive from the array has a read speed of > 100mb/s when testet with "hdparm -t".Im using opensuse 11.4 x64 with the latest patches from the update repositories. Im using the 2.6.37.6-0.7-desktop kernel.I have 4gb ram and an atom d525.

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Ubuntu :: Hardware RAID System Very Slow

May 2, 2010

As the title says, my raid system is very very slow (this is for raid5 6x1Tb SAMSUNG HD103UJ):
Code:
leo@server:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
Timing cached reads: 1094 MB in 2.00 seconds = 546.79 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 8 MB in 3.16 seconds = 2.53 MB/sec
It's impossible and I've tried every configuration (raid5,raid0,Pass Through), and I become nearly exactly the same speed (with restarts, so I'm sure I'm really talking with the volumes I've defined).

One can compare it with the system drive :
Code:
leo@server:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads: 1756 MB in 2.00 seconds = 878.12 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 226 MB in 3.01 seconds = 75.14 MB/sec

Some hardware/software infos :
Code:
Raid card
Controller Name ARC-1230
Firmware Version V1.48 2009-12-31

Code:
Motherboard
Manufacturer: ASUSTeK Computer INC.
Product Name: P5LD2-VM DH

Code:
leo@server:~$ uname -a
Linux server 2.6.31-20-server #58-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 12 05:40:05 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Code:
IDE Channels .....
I'm a bit lost now. I could change the motherboard, or some bios settings.

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