Debian :: How To Rebuild FSTAB From Emergency Mode
Jun 19, 2015
I used a clonezilla live cd to clone a working updated install to another SSD of the exact make and model. Something went terribly wrong, and the new system booted to emergency mode. I then went back to my working laptop I cloned from and it did the exact same thing when booted, into emergency mode. After a couple of days trying to figure out how to rebuild the FSTAB on the once working machine, I finally figured out how to mount the root partition and copied all my important stuff off. WHEW!
Before I was able to mount the root partition, I had a heck of a time trying to mount it, getting errors about unable to read superblock, etc. I used testdisk that I installed on a debian live cd (on a flash drive) and it did something, not sure, but after that, and rebooting, I no longer had sda1,sda2, and sda5. I only had 1 and 5. sda2 was the root partition (extended, ext2) and I thought all was lost. But after running fdisk -l, I noticed two other devices... dm-0 and dm-1. I noticed that dm-0 was my root partition and read that it has something to do with LVM. I mounted it, and grabbed all my important stuff.
Now I am stuck at rebuilding my fstab so my boot, root, and swap partitions are properly mounted. Again, I do not have anything to copy and paste yet. I guess I got lazy since a lot of my work on this system is via Putty and SSH from a windows machine. It certainly looks like the partitions are there and ok, just not sure where to go from here.
I read that I need to get the UUID's from the partitions, then rebuild the fstab using those. I figured out pretty quickly that using /dev/sda1, 2, and 5 did not work. And the UUID's are pretty long. Without copy and paste, I am not sure how to use those without manually keying them in. I tried shelling into my laptop via putty while it is in emergency mode but failed.
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Jan 15, 2016
I have a Debian 8 system here running off an SSD with a five-drive RAID5 array (md0). I can reboot this machine just fine until I do an apt-get update and upgrade, at which point it fails to boot. I get the following:
A start job is running for /media/Storage (the mount point for md0)
Afterwards it dumps me into emergency mode. journalctl shows me these worrisome lines:
Timed out waiting for device dev-md0.device.
Subject: Unit dev-md0.device has failed.
Now, I have a backup image of this installation from right before running apt-get update and upgrade. If I restore that image, Debian boots fine and mounts the array successfully every time. Until I update and upgrade again. I've seen it happen three times now.
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Feb 21, 2016
I cloned my disk that have dual boot in it clone the disk remove the old one put the new one so far okay. But when i put with the new disk to linux it goes to the emergency mode:
run fstab and this is my fstab results:
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=cd9637db-0479-4ef0-90fd-481a50e23060 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=df29ffb9-91a8-48d7-91cd-5e671b55677d none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
UUID=696FF92C4C532245 /media/Windows ntfs defaults,x-gvfs-name=Windows,x-gvfs-icon=%2Fhome%2Fdarkangel%2FDownloads%2Fwindows_hdd_icon.png,x-gvfs-show 0 0
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Aug 8, 2015
First of all, my computer is running Debian Jessie. uname -a gives me this output: Code: Select allLinux felix-PC 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt11-1+deb8u3 (2015-08-04) x86_64 GNU/Linux
So today I updated my system with aptitude update and aptitude upgrade, and there was few paquages that were updated. Among them was one "linux-image" or "linux-headers". I believe that it is linked to this security update: [URL].... .
During the time aptitude upgrade was running, I was simply surfing on Iceweasel. However, it seems that my system suddenly restarted, without asking me the permission or without notifying me. It really looked like I pressed the restart key, but I actually didn't. My computer battery was full charged and plugged in. So, I do believe that it is my system that rebooted himself after the aptitude upgrade was completed (or even during the upgrade, I don't know).
So my computer restarts, and brings me to GRUB menu: I boot Debian and then I get the usual [ OK ] ***** lines telling that the system boots normally. But this time, I get some errors:
Code: Select all[FAILED] Failed to set up automount Arbitrary Executable file format file system Automount point
...
[FAILED] Failed to start load kernel module
...
[FAILED] Failed to mount /boot/efi
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Local File Systems
I arrive then in Emergency mode with this message:
Code: Select all Welcome to emergency mode! After logging in, type "journalctl -xb" to view
system logs, "systemctl reboot" to reboot, "systemctl default" to try again
to boot into default mode.
Give root password for maintenance
(or type Control-D to continue):
I tried systemctl default but it doesn't boot my system normally. I also tried Control-D but it just reprints the same message. And finally I typed journalctl -xb, which gives me a long log file (855 lines) that I do not understand.
I would give this log file, but it seems that my internet connexion is broken (because of the kernel, I mean), even with an Ethernet cable. So I can't connect with ssh to the computer I use at the moment, and I can't either send it to myself by mail. I tried to mount an usb key, but it seems that any key won't be mounted because of a kernel problem.
An obvious solution to my problem may be to come back to an older kernel version. However, only the lasted kernel version (x86_64 Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64) is installed. dpkg --list | grep linux-image gives me indeed:
Code: Select alliF linux-image-3.16.0-4-amd64 3.16.7-ckt11-1+deb8u3 amd64 Linux 3.16 for 64-bit PCs
ii linux-image-amd64 3.16+63 amd64 Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)
I do not know how to come back to an older kernel, as far as I haven't any internet connection and as far as I seem to not be able to load an usb key.
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Dec 1, 2010
My linux workstation recently crashed. After rebooting, Linux (Red Hat 5.3) will not boot properly and automatically went into emergency mode or recovery mode i think. I can still see my /home/user/ and all the files inside.I boot from CD to rescue mode and tried mounting read-only the /dev/sd5 which contains the files in the crashed hard disk to try to copy out my files but mounting was unsuccessful (invalid argument). I checked the filesystem type using fsck -N /dev/sda5 and shows it to ext2. i tried to mount another known working hdd and was successful.
My question is why in emergency mode, the crashed hdd is able to be mounted automatically as read-only but cannot be done in rescue mode thru a bootable CD?Is there any special mount options used in emergency mode?I also cannot copy out in emergency mode booting from the crashed hard disk as everything is read only.
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Mar 10, 2011
I need boot in emergency mode (not single user mode), from docs:
[URL]
in red hat enterprise 5 it's ok, not in red hat 6.
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Feb 11, 2011
I'm trying to boot into emergency mode but i'm having no joy. I can boot to single user mode (by adding s or single at the end of the kernel line in grub) and I can also boot to init=/bin/sh mode by using the same method, but emergency is not working. I'm using RHEL6 x64
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Aug 31, 2011
I made a diskless image against Fedora15, during the boot I found it displayed the following error message and went into emergency mode.
The error message:
Starting Relabel all filesystems, if necessary ^[[1;31maborted^[[0m because a dependency failed.^M
[ 107.607155] systemd[1]: Job fedora-autorelabel.service/start failed with result 'dependency'.^M
Starting Mark the need to relabel after reboot ^[[1;31maborted^[[0m because a dependency failed.^M
[code]...
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Feb 5, 2011
I have made an entry in fstab that is keeping me from booting. I am able to get into recovery either from entering "M" as it is trying to mount my bad entry or from Grub.
However once in recovery I am unable to save my edits in vi. I have tried several attempts at saving my edits to no avail. What trick will I have to impose in order to clean up my fstab so I can boot successfully.
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Jul 17, 2009
Because I forgot to bring a portable hard drive, I cannot boot to a linux OS.
The reason is that the /etc/fstab has a line that is
Quote:
And ext3-datadisk is on the portable hard drive.
The booting process stopped when it prompts for a root passwd or Ctl-D to reboot.
I keyed in the root passwd, and a (File Recovery) prompt appeared.
I tried to vi /etc/fstab but I cannot save the edited /etc/fstab.
How can I boot successfully in this case ?
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Nov 21, 2010
When trying to rebuild a RAID1 on a FastTrak TX4310 controller after a disk was replaced the below message is given:
Code:
[root@SAMBA Samba]# dmraid -R pdc_gigcjhdfa /dev/sdc
Volume "pdc_gigcjhdfa" is not in rebuild state (current: 16)
Rebuild: cannot rebuild from current state!
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Aug 29, 2015
I use a usb flash stick for bootloader and /boot. Debian resides on sdaX and is LUKS encrypted (in fact LVM on LUKs). I am trying to learn how to use the Deb LIVE disk with rescue mode to re-build the bootloader and /boot on a fresh different flash drive. As a learning tool I want to approach this task as described. I have full access to a perfectly running system at this point, but I want to learn this process knowing eventually something will go "bump in the night". I did a custom install so I am aware of how this works generally speaking.
I have password access to the LUKS volume and can easily open it at the LIVE disk prompt to do so. My new flash drive is wiped and EXT2 formatted and should be ready to go. I have RAM based backup software for doing sector backups of the LUKS partition/volume. Doing a full restore at any point will be a piece of cake. I have lots of family around and the thought of a missing bootloader flash drive, while not likely, is not out of question.
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Jun 7, 2010
my wireless doggle is not suppoerted out of box on squeeze.It's based on zd1211rw,just lack the vendor and product id.how can I hack the source and rebuild the driver module?
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Jan 8, 2011
After following this wiki article here detailing how to rebuild the Debian kernel, I'm encountering errors:
HowToRebuildAnOfficialDebianKernelPackage
These were the errors generated at the end of the console output.
Code:
Is there something more specific someone (including myself) would need to diagnose this? I'm unsure how to generate a log for the build process, even if possible...
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Jan 5, 2010
What would be the best way list disk and partitions in the fstab file?
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Jan 15, 2010
I've had two hd's in my box forever. for more space and backup reasons. Well I have started running the Debian Squeeze distro since December. I've had many issues, some are still unresolved. but now I'm running into major headaches with the fstab. Specifically dealing with/wondering why UUID's are used instead of the old /dev/hd? I was a little annoyed when I tried Kubuntu to find /dev/sd? used instead of /dev/hd? but that was workable. But the UUID's are a nightmare. Here's my problem.
My main box is finally giving up the ghost. The mobo is dying. So in order to do some tests I took my hd bundle (my two hard drives with their cables) physically out of the box and temp installed them in a test box. I wanted to do some benchmark and other tests. I got all kinds of errors. I found that the system wasn't recognizing the UUID's listed in fstab. My concern is when the new mobo gets here next week I won't simply be able to plug the hd's in like I always have been and just let Linux reconfigure itself (Debian used to be good about this). I really don't want to have to clean reinstall if it's not needed.
So for this I have two questions. WHY developers decided to drop using /dev/hd? or even /dev/sd? ?
And is it possible to revert fstab's listings back to the old /dev/hd? settings. In debian fstab had lines commented out showing how each partition was listed in it's /dev/hd? status during install.
I'm getting really sick of all these archane changes in ALL aspects of linux that don't seem to have any good explaination or need.
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Jan 18, 2010
How can I fix fstab? at each boot, my partitions switch alternatly from sda to sdb and vice versa. Go to past: On my desktop, I've got 2 hdd, 1 ide and 1sata. (Bios priority boot sata) first, I've installed Seven on the hdd ide and diconnected it. Second, I've installed Sid under hdd sata. So after, sda is SID (sata) and sdb is Seven (ide). Since I've reconnected ide hdd, as say above, my partitions switch alternatly from sda to sdb and vice versa. I use Grub2 and UUID, there no move inside these files Is there another file to configure to avoid this?
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Aug 16, 2010
Debian 5.0.5 lenny; Kernal Linux 2.6.26-2-686; GNOME 2.22.3
Trying to read the fstab file using code...
So why can't I read the fstab file?
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May 30, 2010
So I was doing the update to 10.04 when a freak thunderstorm knocked out the power. I can no longer load onto ubuntu from the HDD. I have been told to either do an emergency back up using the 10.04 live disk. I am not sure what to do when it comes to that. I have also heard I can just repair the boot file on the HDD. I don't know how to do that either. I wouldn't mind I fresh install but I do not want to lose any of my data.
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Jun 15, 2010
I'm working with Eclipse and it's starting to misbehave now and then which completely freezes my computer. Is there any emergency command to kill such a misbehaving process so I don't have to reboot my computer?
I already have a emergency xkill icon in my taskbar and a [Ctrl]+[F1] console with "> sudo killall eclipse" pretyped(!) but sometimes it's even to late for this. What I would need is a emergency command/console that gets a guaranteed amount of process time so I can kill these process.
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Jan 25, 2011
I want a USB drive for emergency situations. It will have sensitive information, family photos, etc. stored on it. I want it to have one encrypted portion (TrueCrypt) for the sensitive materials. I want the files to be able to be viewed on a Windows machine first and foremost. If no Windows machine is available I would like to have a bootable version of Ubuntu on the USB drive so I can boot it and also view the files.
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Oct 2, 2010
I just got a SD to IDE adapter and a 8GB SD card. I am looking to install Parted Magic onto the SD card and have the card permanently installed in the server so I can have an emergency recovery environment if need be... Unfortunately, Parted magic no longer comes with USB editions and the tutorials I found on the web all require windows to proceed with installing PM onto a USB stick or SD card. (What the .... !?!) I never played with syslinux before and I wonder if somebody out here could write a short & simple tutorial on how to install parted magic on a SD card. So far I am thinking of a 200MB bootable partition (sda1) + a 7.16GB (remainder) logical partition (sda5) where I would store some programs and other emergency files I might need. Then I would format the partitions and copy the content of the CD iso (?) to the sda1 and then install syslinux onto sda1 ?
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Apr 19, 2010
I am getting a pop up window saying: "Not optimum mode. Recommended mode 1280 x 1024 60Hz" In my case, this is happening after installing Debian 504 AMD64, the Samsung "SyncMaster 940N" that gives this message or warning was working fine for a few years on another machine under the previous Lenny distro.
The only way to get rid of this unwanted pop-up window (the monitor is working fine) is to press the "AUTO" switch on the monitor, there is no such option in the menu of the monitor to disable anything or change the resolution and it seems to me that, unlike what was suggested as an answer in similar threads, the problem is not with the monitor but with the distro unable to detect the monitor properly. The only mention in the "xorg.conf" file is as follows and running "dpkg reconfigure ..." has no other effect than creating a new exact duplicate of the file.
Section "Screen"
Identifier"Default Screen"
Monitor"Configured Monitor"
EndSection
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Feb 2, 2016
On my debian jessie "testing" I have set in fstab some line to mount folder located on my pc server...
When pc boot up the error is
Code:
Select allFailed to mount /mnt/Web
See 'systemctl status mnt-web.mount' for details...
CIFS VFS: cifs_mount failed w/return code = -101
Then, after logging in, if I run mount -a all works correctly...
Maybe error was LAN that is not started? In this case how to resolve?
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May 31, 2010
I plan to:
- replace my hard drive with a 32GB SSD (solid state drive) SATA-II
- copy my entire old drive to the new one
- Both my drives will be Ext3 and have no swap (I have lots of RAM)
1. Can a Debian lenny desktop boot from an SSD ?
2. Do I have to modify /etc/fstab with SSD-specific options ?
3. How about grub, any modifications ?
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Mar 13, 2011
/dev/sda1: UUID="1ABC9F967605D379" TYPE="ntfs"
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Jun 29, 2010
Using: Debian Lenny. I want to mount 2 NTFS partitions in my /etc/fstab file, so that I needn't manually mount them when I want to use them. One of the partitions is the primary partition on the same hard disk as my Debian /, /home, and /swap partitions. The other is a 2nd internal hard disk.
a) Should I use ntfs-3g instead of ntfs as the /etc/fstab filesystem? I want to be able to read and write to the partitions as a user and not just as root.
b) I have read on the forum that "mounting NTFS partitions through fstab is not a great idea" - I thought that any dangers of doing so were ancient history. Why would it not be a good idea?
c) Which options should I use?
d) If I use 'user' instead of 'users' so that one specific user (me) can use the partitions, how do I specify which user name? (The man page is annoyingly unclear about this).
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Jan 19, 2010
I've apparently changed my fstab file and now my boot drive fails to mount. The original file is still there "fstab.BAK". How do I rename the current fstab to another name and rename the fstab.BAK to fstab? Since this is read only in the /etc directory I have not been able to make this happen from a command prompt.
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Apr 11, 2010
Before I leave with a bad taste in my mouth forever from the linux communities here, I'd like to ask one more question. I've been snooping around a bit about this issue of how to automount USB Drives, have them show on the desktop in file managers like PCManFM and not have to touch fstab at all.
How do I do this? Without touching Fstab, GNOME, any other DE. I only want openbox around.Another question I also hope to answer: How do I make shortcuts in PCManFM?
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Aug 12, 2011
I've accidentaly corrupted my fstab and cut the ends of lines. There are now disk uid, mount point, filesystem for root and swap, but the mount parameters are missing.The system boots as readonly. What are default fstab mount parameters in Debian for ext4 root and swap?
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