General :: Standard File Paths?
Aug 23, 2010
Is there some sort of standards file path convention for installing softwares that I could follow through? For example, I just learnt how to build Nginx from source. But the default binary path set by nginx is "/usr/local/nginx/sbin". I have seen a couple of tutorials which they specify the location of the installed binary and it is very different from those usual default paths. Thus, got me thinking whether is there some form of file path convention that I should follow?Is there some kind of list which states where do those packages on Debian.org Repository usually installed to?
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Oct 6, 2010
I've got a script to recursively create symlinks in my home directory to my settings directory, to keep the files under version control. I would like it to skip files which are already symlinked via a parent directory. That is, if I have these files/directories:
~/foo/ -> ~/settings/foo/
~/settings/foo/
~/settings/foo/bar
, how do I check that ~/foo/bar and ~/settings/foo/bar are the same file?
Edit: D'oh, another few minutes of searching revealed the answer: readlink -f $path
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Nov 4, 2010
The Linux File system uses the file path notation to abstract how data is accessed. Path really must be an environmental variable for the applcication that converts the path name to an inode so what is this application/Daemons name?
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Jan 6, 2011
What I want to do is to find keyword in config file and change its value - that must be done using script.
I could write script usig awk and etc - but maybe there are already prepared ways/commands to change standard configure file setting?
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Sep 28, 2009
I have on my windows machine several hundred files that are a format of .nc .ncs for a CNC machine. I need to convert them to txt which is something as easy as opening in notepad and then saving as .txt but there are so many that this kind of action would take way too long.
The reason I am writing the linuxquestions is because I would feel more comfortable in loading a live CD and using some sort of terminal command to do this than I would to download one of the many "freeware" type programs I have found for windows (even more so since I have had a root kit before and had to start all the way over to get rid of it).
I need to know:
1. Is this possible to do with the terminal without super advanced knowledge.
2. Can one please point me in the right direction; something to read or an example
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Feb 23, 2011
Is there already a program that reads multiple pipes or file descriptors and writes to the standard output (not splitting lines).Like cat, but reading all files simultaneously and preserving lines.It is needed to avoid coding of select/epoll loops or using multithreading in simple programs. Like "select loop for bash".
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Jun 18, 2011
I have not been on in about a month or 2. I have no idea how to list this thread. I am hoping that someone like tex can help out. Being lazy with ubuntu seems to have been badong. Ok, I had 2 physical machines and 3 vms. VM's ran under Vbox-ose via a bridge. OS's are buntu x2 and one centOS box. I installed webmin to make things easy ( i thought ).However, after setting webmin, my I have been randomly loosing PATH's. I mean, one minuet i can run sudo apt-get and the next the whole PATH is gone. I tried a compare of my "home" box's bashrc and bash_profile against the other machins, and outside of some alias for colr and the like nothing seems to stand out. Even if I su - to root I am not getting access to the needed paths. Now, while I could export the correct path, I am more conserned with the why of it all.
I would have thought that as long as my group setting on my ssh users were all correct AND the environment had not been changed, all would be good. I can provide more info if someone wants to help me out with this. HOwever, it drove me to a six pack. 8SI have read the man pages. I have used google. I have checked the logs. The logs by the way showed a lil hammering on one of the boxes for root access. [I]t wasnt me. However, I dont seem to be able to see a time stamp.
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Apr 11, 2011
Trying to understand my ruby folder structure? Why my gems are scattered all over and why they aren't recognised commands. I'll explain how my installation looks like first:
/usr/bin/ruby
/usr/bin/ruby1.8
/usr/bin/ruby1.9.1
The first is a soft link to ruby1.9.1 because the "ruby" command didn't work in the terminal. I did the same with "gem". I installed rubygems through downloading, extracting and then running setup.rb here: (I created the "ruby" folder)
/home/pc/ruby/rubygems-1.7.2/setup.rb
/usr/bin/gem
/usr/bin/gem1.8
/usr/bin/gem1.9.1
I installed a few gems with "sudo gem install"
> gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
compass (0.10.6)
haml (3.0.25)
mustache (0.99.3)
rake (0.8.7)
So far so good? Well not quite, as it turns out the command "compass version" doesn't seem to exist. My confusion grows with each folder I look into. The following path doesn't make any sense to me, for example. Why would it be hidden? Why is mustache the only gem inside this folder?
/home/pc/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/cache/mustache-0.99.3.gem
First of all, here is "gem environment", which makes even less sense, because I have definately installed rubygems-1.7.2 like I told you in the first paragraph, but here it shows an ancient version 1.3.7. Why? I installed Ubuntu the day before yesterday.
RubyGems Environment:
- RUBYGEMS VERSION: 1.3.7
- RUBY VERSION: 1.9.2 (2010-08-18 patchlevel 0) [x86_64-linux]
- INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /var/lib/gems/1.9.1
- RUBY EXECUTABLE: /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1
- EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/bin
- RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS: .....
Ruby --version returns "ruby 1.8.7"...........
Also, as it turns out, all gems are installed into this folder (mustache too! even though it already is inside the other folder), just as "ruby environment" claims:
/var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems. But none of these gems work. I can't call any of these, except rake. So here is where I probably made the mistake, I think I used "apt-get install rake" in addition to "gem install rake", because the command "rake" wasn't recognised, and the command prompt suggested it. I may have done so with rubygems too... I'm new to Linux, and I figured that the command prompt knew how to install this stuff properly. It can't be normal that I have to create syslinks all over, right? In Windows I didn't run into this problem.
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Sep 3, 2011
When I asked about filesystems with compression I got recommendation to try ZFS. Looks like it worth trying, however I find tools that manage ZFS (zfs, zpool) quite overcomplexified - you need to create some volume, then add it, then create filesystem on it. And finally it suddenly created things in root directory like /qqq/test and it uses /var/run/zfs/zfs_socket (strange for a filesystem).
How to use ZFS (with FUSE) without it's complicated things with volumes, just as good filesystem with compression, something like mount -o loop image.zfs /mnt/qqq -t zfs-fuse?
How to setup ZFS as non-root? FUSE usually means "user can use it too" (example: ntfs-3g). I expect something like this:
Can ZFS be more usual FUSE filesystem that I can add to /etc/fstab and user can install and use on its own?
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Jun 18, 2010
I want to print, using locate, all the paths that contain the element /bin/ but only one instance of each one. If I issue 'locate /bin/' then I have many screens of text with, for example,
/usr/bin/foo1
/usr/bin/foo2
/home/me/bin/foo3
whereas I want to see only
/usr/bin/foo1
/home/bin/foo3
That is to say, if in two lines /bin/ appears with the same prefix (in the example above the prefixes would be /usr and /home/me) I only want to print the first line. Can I pipe locate to grep to do this? I've mentioned locate because it does not scan the whole disk.
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Nov 24, 2010
How do I find paths on ubuntu. I have installed redcar(ide written in ruby similar to textmate) and rvm for ruby. However I cannot locate where the executables are to update my .bashrc.
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Nov 29, 2010
I have written a script which reads a text file and takes out absolute and relative paths embedded in the text file.Then the script looks for a string in some text files mentioned in those paths. The problem I am facing is that since these paths are from my working directory,if I try to run the script from a different directory the paths are not read.
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Jun 21, 2010
I have created virtual cd (using damoen tools) for opensuse 11.2 installation from standard iso file and that installed installer for opensuse in my C drive and asked me to restart. After I restarted it gave me two options during boot, vista and opensuse 11.2 installer. I tried installing opensuse 11.2 from boot option and it asked me for language>country>installation. From the installation window which gave three options, I selected installation option and after preparing system for installation it asked me about sda location....I had separate partition which I selected and after that it is asking me for source which I don�t know what it is. I tried few things but no success and then tried to get in to vista but unfortunately it is not booting in vista as well and takes me though the same process explained above.
So both my boot options are trying to install opensuse 11.2 and stops at provide source window. So in a nutshell I am stuck and not able to use my system. For your information I don�t have vista installation cd so I can�t repair vista.
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Jul 14, 2010
Is it possible to do the following in C/C++ in Linux:Without direct linking (my program should NOT depend on Qt or GTK), display a GTK or Qt based file dialog.The behaviour should be something like this when my program runs, when you want to open a file:The program scans whether you have Qt installed. If so, it somehow manages to link itself to Qt (e.g. dynamically loading the .so file) and display its file dialog and get the path from it. If Qt wasn't found, it tries the same with GTK. If that also wasn't found, it displays a less powerful replacement dialog instead (better than nothing).
Or is there any other simple way in Linux to get a standard file dialog somehow (similar to when compiling for Windows you can very easily get its standard file dialog, no matter what version of Windows, in your code, even if your program doesn't use any other Windows GUI at all).
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Jan 10, 2011
I have a weird problem with one of my servers. When system is booted and right before I should se "INIT 2.86 starting..." message, all the messages disappear. Only kernel messages get logged to console and later login prompt, but nothing in betweek (there are 20+ services starting successfully, just without emitting a single character).I checked /proc/PID/fd of the boot script (in my case called /etc/rc.d/rc.boot but that does not matter).
The only significant difference in hardware to other servers is that this one runs RV350 AP [Radeon 9600] graphic card.Now, my question is: where could those FDs go or why are they not opened?Does anyone have a clue about this, or a hint?
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May 5, 2010
I tried compiling a simple Hello World with gcc but didn't have any luck. I got this message: Code: junk.c:1:19: error: stdio.h: No such file or directory gcc was installed and configured correctly at one point but I think I changed the the .bash_profile since then. I checked where stdio.h lives. The path is:
[Code]....
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May 13, 2010
We have two paths. First one is directory, second either dir or file.
/a/b/c and /a/d/e.txt
Relative path from first path to second will be: ../../d/e.txt
How to get it in linux terminal?
PS: For those who ask "what is use case?" - creating lots of relative symlinks (just as an example)
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Nov 5, 2010
I downloaded a FLAC album from a band's label.The weird thing is that I cannot see the folder contents using the standard file browser interface.However, VLC can see and play the files without problem.I don't believe the files have any sort of DRM, but they are legal, FWIW.
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Aug 6, 2011
have recently installed CentOS 5.6 Final on TWO DIFFERENT desktop PC's, and, on EITHER ONE, I can not get any sound output when using KMid to play a "standard .mid file (the file I am using to experiment with is "Canyon.mid", from the Windoze Media directory, a fairly standard midi audio file, I should think?!). I have normal audio output on both of these machines (.mp3 files, system sounds, etc.), so the specific sound cards are NOT the issue, here!I am thinking I must be missing something, as both of these PC's are completely different CPU types, etc. as well. The only significant similiarity in the two machines is the complete lack of MIDI audio output!And, yea, the soundcards are BOTH MPU-401 compatible, and they both have irq's assigned to this port (or, maybe just one has an irq assigned, I will have to double check...).
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Mar 16, 2011
I am working on telnet session and excuting commands. I am able to redirect or store expect output to log file but now i want to store in excel file like ispreadsheet showing details of commands and its responses
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Jun 27, 2011
I mostly do .Net development in a Windows 7 virtualbox. I use the host for simple things such as web browsing, skype, chat, etc. All things that are fantastically available on Ubuntu which I in many ways prefer. So this has been begging the question for a while: why even use Windows on the host, seems like a Linux host would use less resources (untested) and allow my Windows VMs to run better while allowing me to do my non-development stuff in an interface I prefer.
So easiest way to do this - I downloaded wubi and installed Ubuntu. I installed in it Virtualbox, and then start add and start my VM to get this message: Failed to open a session for the virtual machine VS2010, Could not open the medium '/host/Users/George Mauer/Virtualbox VMs/VS2010/C:/Users/George Mauer/.VirtualBox/HardDisks/VS2010.vdi; VD: error VERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND opening image file '/host/Users/George Mauer/Virtualbox VMs/VS2010/C:/Users/George Mauer/.VirtualBox/HardDisks/VS2010.vdi; (VERR_FILE_NOT_FOUND).
You see what's going on? With wubi, the windows drive gets mounted at /host/ but virtualbox is for some reason appending an absolute path! I would very much like to use the same exact VM file since it would retain Snapshots and I would be able to use it in either windows or Ubuntu mode. However, even if I try to simply mount the drives into a new VM I get an error: Failed to open the hard disk /host/Users/George Mauer/.VirtualBox/HardDisks/VS2010.vdi. Cannot register the hard disk '/host/Users/George Mauer/.VirtualBox/HardDisks/VS2010.vdi' {guid...} because a hard disk '/host/Users/George Mauer/VirtualBox VMs/VS2010/C:/Users/George Mauer.VirtualBox/HardDisks/VS2010.vdi with UUID {guid...} already exists.
This is especially odd since this worked fine with my recently created Android VM, though this might have something to do with the fact that VirtualBox recently changed their default VM storage locations. Any idea how to fix this? My Linux-fu is weak but I seem to remember from CS class something about symbolic links that might be relevant here?
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Oct 10, 2009
I need to do some text file manipulation which I think should be done with standard commands in BASH. I'm looking at comma seperated text files (stock market data). It comes in the form of date, stock code, open, high, low, close, volume. What I need to do first is move all data with same stock code sequentially into individual files.
While doing this since the stock code will now be the file name I need to remove the stock code. Next I need to filter out overlapping data from different files with the same date. ie. where two files contain the same date on the one line only one line will be added to the combined file. I think there must be a tutorial out there for basic text manipulation like this, I just haven't found it yet.
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Apr 26, 2011
Every time I try to set to standard.(cautious|medium|advanced) I get Apr 26 17:20:59.960 7f7faff15700 Fatal error: can't load actions file '/etc/privoxy/match-all.action': invalid line (9): { +standard.Cautious } /
or something similar. No additional help is available in the docs. So i try to use http://p.p (i.e. config.privoxy.org), and click on [URL]... expecting to get the three mode buttons. It just returns to p.p.
I already set the three edit vars to allow remote editing etc.So I looked in the top 15 Google hits for "Privoxy standard.Cautious". Apparently, nobody else knows how to do this either even tried launching firefox in root. but I'm getting kind-of frustrated with the writers/maintainers of Privoxy 3.
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Apr 14, 2010
So, I have this application called Impact, it is an explicit time integration Finite Elements code written in Java...
[url]
I untar the pack, and launch the application calling a script, from within the untarred folder,
Code:
This launches a gui which allows me to setup a case, which needs some setup file, tipically some *.in and a mesh file, tipically some *.msh.
Other mode of executuion consists of calling the setup file as argument to Impact.sh script ( CLI execution mode, for g33k5 )
My problem is : I have packed the whole stuff into a Slackware .tgz, that places it in /usr/local/Impact, and placed a calling script in /usr/local/bin,
Code:
Code:
I decided to hack the ImpactGUI_OGL_linux_amd64.sh script from
Code:
Code:
no avail,
Code:
even after adding /usr/local/Impact/bin to PATH... won't go...
I can run this thing from within its directory... but I do not like messing within the directories of my applications, this is why I sent this to /usr/local, and placed a calling script in /usr/local/bin...
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Nov 11, 2010
We make everyday a DB Mysql backup on Linux redhat Enterprise. We are using a bash shell script (and putting it in the crontab) to execute it automatically everyday. We added a line to this script telling, once the backup has completed, to find old backup files (stored on hard disk after each backup) older than x days to remove them. We use the find command (search for file type) with the mtime option and in combination with rm command. Everything runs ok but we also want to add some new code to the same line: If find command cannot find anything or fails, for example if it cannot delete file or fails, send the error message (standard error output) to an error file (like error000001 and increasing) and mail the errorxxxx file to an email address for example to admin@companyname.com. What would be the code for this issue to add it to our find command in the same bash shell script??
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Apr 12, 2011
I'm wondering if it's POSIX + ASCII or something else is mixed in?
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Aug 9, 2011
I have a crontab that wgets a PHP page every five minutes (just to run some the PHP code), and I want to send the output to /dev/null. I couldn't find it in the wget manual.
I'm looking for something like:
wget -o stout http://whatever.com/page.php > /dev/null
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Feb 23, 2011
I ran into an issue that was written up here on LQ and/or on other sites, the one dealing with an error similar to the following one: error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directoryThe solution seems is to make g++ and gcc versions consistent. I've since remedied that, but am slightly confused with my findings and concerned with my solution.
When I first looked in /usr/bin for all references to g++ and gcc, I saw that there were two version of gcc and one version of g++:
(Note the "??? ?? ????" as date for gcc. I've since made some changes, but this was essentially the set of gcc and g++ files that existed before I started.)
I'm told that the system I'm using is an "out of the box" installation, i.e. no modifications. As installed, gcc is the newer version and does not correspond to g++34:
Confusion and concern: When I use makefiles from software I've adopted, I run into the cc1plus problem eluded to above. The cc1plus error occurred because the makefiles expected there to be a command named "g++," so I created a symbolic link, pointing /usr/bin/g++ -> /usr/bin/g++34. And in doing so, g++ was not consistent with gcc. I've since fixed that, i.e. copied the gcc34 version to gcc and my software builds fine.
My question are:
1. Will copying the gcc34 version to gcc cause issues in the future, possibly related to upgrades and/or istallations of other packages that rely on "gcc"? Currently the files are as follows:
2. Were the g++ and gcc files in /usr/bin the "out of the box" versions?
3. How can I answer a question like this in the future, without posting to LQ, i.e. is there a reference to find this type of information?
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Feb 9, 2010
[1st off...I used to host my music (A&R) website on a dedicated windows server...'cause I thought it was necessary for streaming .wma files. when I discovered it wasn't...I went w/ a standard hosting package, w/ GoDaddy...
BUT...
I moved my recording studio's site to it's own domain. [it used to be a series of pages on my A&R site.]
I now need to create a '301 Redirect' in my old site's directory to redirect surfers (who have my old url) to the new site...but more importantly...to retain my ranking w/ the major search engines...!
It cannot be done on a Windows server (which I'm on, w/ GoDaddy)...not an .htm redirect anyway, which I need. I've tried all the php, asp, etc. scripts...they don't work. [&...I don't think I really need windows features like php or asp...I code my site(s) in Dreamweaver as html pages.]
so...If I migrate my site(s) to a Linux server...
1) Will standard .wma streaming continue to work...? (i.e., a .wax file in the directory that points to the .wma).
2) Which type of server is FASTER for this task...(if any)...Linux or Windows...?
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Apr 27, 2010
I'm trying to set the time in an embedded system ... There isn't a link/file /etc/localtime and /usr/ has only two subdirectories /usr/bin and /usr/sbin.Is there something I can try or do I just give up and make UTC be my timezone?
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