General :: Lack Basic Understanding Of Permissions (Apache)

Apr 8, 2010

I am very new to linux. The first time i ran a linux machine was one Saturday. Anyway I am trying to set up an apache web server, all I want to do is play around with html and post it on my unbuntu server so it is available to the internet. I am also trying to install samba but I am having trouble with that so for now I am using winscp. Ok, so I made a folder in my home directory for webstuff, and set up apache to look in that folder.

mkdir /home/username/webstuff
I put my index.html file into the /webstuff folder.
But when I go to my website, it says 403 error unable to access "/"

Did I make the folder in the right place? I do not want people being able to access my / folder so maby I made the web stuff folder in the wrong place? Also I thought I would just put my inded.html file inside of the default one apache gives you, but when I tried to transfer index.html it said permission denied. How to set up permissions so I can use apache and transfer my html files from my remote desktop to my server would be great!

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General :: Understanding Ubuntu User / Group Permissions

May 20, 2010

I'm beginning to deal with more than one user on my system (it's a VPS serving some sites) and I need to make sure I understand how group permissions work. I have an account named "admin" .. it's basically the primary account that is used for serving most of the sites that I control myself. Now, I added a second account named "Ville" as one of my users wants to be able to administer that site. So, I can do this the easy way and just chown their domains folder under the ville user, they have permission to do whatever they need be and so forth. However, let's say I want to also give the admin user access to the files (modifying and all) .. how can I put both users into the same group and give them both permission?

I've tried doing:
sudo usermod -a -G admin ville
To add the ville into the admin group, but ville still cannot edit files by admin. Permissions for the primary directory for the ville user are read/write for both owner and group, and the current group for the files is admin:admin ..
But ville still can't write into the directory. So, what should I be doing here to get this right and secure at the same time?

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Oct 11, 2010

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Ubuntu Security :: Understanding Unix Style Permissions

Jul 20, 2010

On Windows, you can go to a file's permissions and it's clearly stated who can do what. You can choose between individual users or groups such as 'everyone' or certain types of users such as 'domain users'. You could create a clear cut list of every single user/group on the system and what their permissions for a file are and have it neatly displayed in a list.On Unix, we have octal permissions and sticky bits. I understand the whole concept of rwxrwxrwx (777). The first three are what the file owner can do, the second is what the main group the user belongs to can do, and the third is what other users can do.

But, when you view a file's permissions you are only getting the permissions as they apply to the user that owns the file. For example, as I understand it, if I viewed a file that only the root user had rwx permissions on and everyone else could only read. The permissions would show up as rwxr--r-- (744). But, those same permissions would show up to any user as 744 as well. Since the last 3 characters are what applies to "other users" (pretty vague). How would someone know what users in particular those permissions apply to? There could be one "other user" that can rwx that file and another "other user" that can't.Also, why just stop with the main group? What about other groups? A the user Foo's main group he belongs to might be Foo. But he could also belong to the groups Boo and Zoo, which belong to other users and would give him full rwx permissions over Boo and Zoo's files just as if he were Boo or Zoo.

Then you have the whole sticky bit thing that makes it so that files can be owned by the same person and at the same time be made use of (to varying degrees) by other users. To chmod the UID you'd chmod 2777 or for GID 4777 (just an an example). I did this for a file and it allowed a standard user account who was previously unable to run the command to be able to run it. But, how can that work when I didn't anywhere specify what particular user (or groups of users) that sticky bit applies to?

I'm confused about this whole thing to the point that I'm not even sure exactly what questions I should be asking or even if my examples are even 100% correct. I just sort of ranted about some specific things that floated to the top of my head. Permissions are easy to understand when your running a Unix-like system on a single user desktop. Because the only users/groups you have are root, the single user, and various system users/groups that you don't really need to worry about. So a file with rwxr--r-- means that only the Root user (not even members of his group) can edit the file and you can't unless you use sudo. Because the "other user" in the last 3 characters always just means you. But, things seem to get a whole lot more complicated when you start adding in multiple users. Can someone explain this or link to a "for dummies" article that can explain all of this to me in a way that someone who's used to Windows style permissions can make a connection between the two OS families and their way of handling these things?

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Mar 16, 2010

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Jan 23, 2010

I have a directory in the /var/www folder. I have access to this directory from my windows machine through samba.

Everytime i add new files to the folder where the webpage is locate i need to go to my centos server a type chmod -R 777 /var/www/name

It can't be right that i need to do this everytime i add new files to the folder??

If i dont run this command i can't access this files when I access the webpage throug a browser...

UPDATE: I think It has something to do with the samba user, because if i create the files as root directly on the centos server i dont got the problem ... ?

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Apr 7, 2011

On Ubuntu 10.04 with Apache and PHP installed, I can execute a test.php file

Code:

If I specify it on my Apache web server

Code:

However, I am not able to configure the web site to execute index.php automatically.

These are the settings I have.

Code:

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Jun 26, 2010

I'm trying to learn about permissions on linux webserver with apache.Some clues to the system: The server I have to play around with is Fedora based. Apache runs as apache:apache. To allow for e.g. php to write to a file the file needs to be chmod 777. 755 is not sufficiant.What I'm wondering is basically how set up permissions like they should be on e.g. a "shared web host".My main problem is that if I set a permission so that one user cannot access anothers home folder, then apache can't read from the public_html folder either.

To keep the users out I need to set chmod 700. But to let apache to read I need to have at least execute on world,so a 701 basically works, but won't let some users in.So I'm really stuck on what to do. Have been concidering adding the apache user to the frous grours
below to avoid having to add the world execute flag, but is that a bad thing? Should it be the other way around, the users in the groups below should also be in the apache group?I was aiming at having 4 groups:

1. webapp: same as dev_int, but is the only one that can go inside the webapp/live folder to e.g. do an update from the repo.

2. dev_int: can read,write and execute everything in the "web root", including the two below, but nothing outside of the web root

3. dev_ext: can read write and execute in all client folders, but cannot access anything outside of the webapp root

4. clientsBasic ftp accounts. Has a home folder with a public_html, but cannot access any other home folders

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2 - When I run this on a 8G usbstick it takes a long time to image. How can I speed up this process?
PHP Code:
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3 - When an image is restored like
PHP Code:
dd if=/home/test/images/image.dd of=/dev/sdb
will that give me a working bootable usbstick? For example if I imaged a working usbstick with Ubuntu on it using DD and restored it like the example above on a different usbstick, will this give me a booting new usbstick? I hope that came across ok?

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Unfortunately it didn't.
Which gem prints out "/usr/bin/gem" so that must be the output right? I thought that was given to rm so it would be "rm /usr/bin/gem" but I was wrong. How do I know what input a command takes?

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Essentially it needs to boot, connect to a single fileshare on a Win2k8 machine, and be able to execute a couple of scripts that will output to a serial port. One of them will be more or less the following:

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Jul 6, 2011

I know how to assign file permissions and other tasks like user to group, but I'm stuck with a situation in how I should set up my system.So I have a LAMP server set up. I'm not the only developer so I created a group called "developers" for my other users "Mike," "Alex," and "Cindy," which are developers (I'm Mike by the way). I know that "www-data" is the user and group Apache uses.This is good because only I have permission to update the production site, but for the dev site, it's a different story.

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Feb 23, 2010

I am looking for the best way to set up permissions in the following situation. I have a web server set up on debian. I have different web sites in /var/www. Each web has a group of developers who each have system users and ssh access to the server. For example i have a web site in /var/www/example.com and a group of developers in group exampledev. I need all the users in exampledev plus the apache user (www-data) to have read write and execute permissions on all the content of the web site. I can give the group exampledev these permissions without a problem. The problem is that when they modify or create new files (they either connect via ssh o sftp which is the same right?) they are created with their user and group rather than exampledev. Am i going down the wrong path? This must be a common situation but i haven't found the solution.

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# Filename: makefile2
# Usage: make-f makefile2
# Description: Maintains all the dependencies between modules using the
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CFLAGS=-c -Wall
LDFLAGS=
SOURCE_MODULES=main.cpp factorial.cpp hello.cpp
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all: $(OBJECT_MODULES) $(EXECUTABLE)
$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECT_MODULES)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $^ -o $@
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Jan 5, 2011

I'm trying to understand if anyone is left on a server. Basically I manage a simple linux server remotely used by 3-4 individuals. I can never tell if someone is actually on or not using w/who.What I'm seeing is some people having what appears to be inactive/lost VNC sessions. I don't understand idle fully, but I do believe a program (without user interaction) can clear idle back to 0, correct?Anyway, I'm asking because every now and then I need to reboot the server, and I do not want to interrupt any program working on calculations or waiting on having the data saved.

Code:
me@matrix:~> w
06:59:54 up 170 days, 9:13, 16 users, load average: 0.52, 0.16, 0.06

[code]....

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Jul 21, 2010

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The system is an old (4-5 years) Dell workstation that has one drive (128 GB) set up for Windows XP and a second new drive (500GB) which I installed for Linux. There is a DVD/CD drive and the system contains no floppy drive at all. In one attempt to get this working I tried modifying the BIOS to indicate there was a floppy drive - this created a failure earlier in the chain with the BIOS failing to load properly, not unexpected, just a shot in the dark at that point.

At the moment I am considering just running out to buy and install a cheap floppy drive to see if that helps. I'll never use the thing though so I'd rather find a solution that doesn't require me to spend money on useless hardware. In any case, here's the /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents:

# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

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Jan 14, 2010

This is probably a pretty basic question seeing as I'm pretty new to Ubuntu Server. I'm running a simple website from my Ubuntu Server machine with The files are all stored in /var/www/ and then subdirectories. The problem is that when I add files through FTP I need to go and change all of the file permissions since by default they do not have read access so can't be accessed through a web browser on another machine.How can I make the default permissions readable for the directory and all new files that will be moved in it

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Nov 12, 2010

this costed me a whole day of trying and retrying. I set up a small home server with apache, php, and mysql.

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Linux 2.6.31-22-generic-pae
Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Server edition
Apache/2.2.12 (Ubuntu)

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[code]....

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